Taboo 1
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi kufuneka lwenziwe kwiimeko ezibandayo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwasebusika.
Iziphumo: Umbhobho waba ngumkhenkce kwaye wonakaliswa ngenxa yokukhenkceza kombhobho wovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic.
Amanyathelo: Zama ukuvavanya uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba uwasebenzise ebusika kwaye ucime amanzi emva kovavanyo, ngakumbi amanzi aselwandle.ivalve, ekufuneka icocwe kungenjalo inokugqwala okanye, ngakumbi, iqhekeke.Xa uqhuba uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic ngexesha lasebusika, iprojekthi kufuneka igcine ubushushu bangaphakathi obukhululekile kwaye ikhuphe amanzi emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo.
Taboo 2
Inkqubo yemibhobho kufuneka igungxulwe, kodwa oku akungomcimbi ubalulekileyo kuba ukuhamba kunye nesantya awanelisi imigangatho.Nditsho nokugungxulwa endaweni yayo kukukhutshelwa kovavanyo lwamandla omoya.Iziphumo: Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho wamanzi ungahambelani nemigangatho yokusebenza kwenkqubo yemibhobho, amacandelo emibhobho ahlala ecuthwa ngobungakanani okanye avaleke.Sebenzisa ubuninzi bejusi enokuhamba kwisixokelelwano okanye ubuncinci be-3 m/s yokuqukuqela kwamanzi xa ugungxulwa.Ukuze i-outlet yokukhupha ithathelwe ingqalelo, umbala wamanzi kunye nokucaca kufuneka uhambelane nalawo amanzi angenayo.
Taboo 3
Ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo lwamanzi oluvaliweyo, ugutyulo, amanzi emvula, kunye nemibhobho yokudibanisa iyafihlwa.Iziphumo: Inokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nelahleko yabasebenzisi.Amanyathelo: Uvavanyo lwamanzi avaliweyo kufuneka luhlolwe kwaye luvunywe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo.Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into engaphantsi komhlaba, ngaphakathi kwesilingi, phakathi kwemibhobho, nolunye ufakelo olufihliweyo—kuquka ezo zithwele ilindle, amanzi emvula, necondensate—azivuzi.
Taboo 4
Kuphela ixabiso loxinzelelo kunye nokuguquguquka kwenqanaba lamanzi kubonwa ngexesha lokuvavanya amandla e-hydraulic kunye novavanyo lokuqina kwenkqubo yombhobho;ukuhlolwa kokuvuza akwanelanga.Ukuvuza okwenzeka emva kokuba inkqubo yombhobho isetyenziswa iphazamisana nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.Amanyathelo: Xa inkqubo yemibhobho ivavanywa ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo kunye nezikhokelo zokwakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekiswa ngokucokisekileyo ukuba ngaba kukho ukuvuza ngaphezu kokurekhoda ixabiso loxinzelelo okanye utshintsho lomgangatho wamanzi kwixesha elibekiweyo.
Taboo 5
Iiflange zevalvu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kunyeiivalve butterfly.Ubungakanani beivelufa butterflyiflange iyahluka kuleyo yeflange yevalvu eqhelekileyo njengesiphumo.Ezinye iiflange zine-diameter encinci yangaphakathi ngelixa idiski yevalve yebhabhathane inenkulu, ebangela ukuba ivalve ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye ivuleke ngamandla kwaye ibangele umonakalo.Imilinganiselo: Bamba iflenge ngokungqinelana nobukhulu beflange bevalve yebhabhathane.
Taboo 6
Xa isakhiwo sokwakha sasisakhiwa, akukho macandelo adibeneyo agciniweyo, okanye amacandelo adibeneyo awazange atyunjwe kwaye imingxuma egciniweyo yayincinci kakhulu.Iziphumo: Ukutshiza isakhiwo sokwakha okanye ukunqunyulwa kweentsimbi ezigxininisiweyo kuya kuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo ngexesha lofakelo lweeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko.Amanyathelo: Funda izicwangciso zezakhiwo zeprojekthi yokufudumeza kunye nococeko ngononophelo, kwaye uthathe inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha ngokugcina imingxuma kunye namacandelo adibeneyo njengoko kuyimfuneko ukufakwa kwemibhobho, izixhaso kunye nee-hangers.Nceda ujonge ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zokwakha kunye neenkcukacha zoyilo.
Taboo 7
Xa umbhobho udityanisiwe, ulungelelwaniso lungekho embindini, akukho msantsa ushiywe ekulungelelaniseni, i-groove ayihlanjwanga kumbhobho oqinileyo, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhambelani nenkcazo yokwakha.Iziphumo: Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho awugxilwanga, inkqubo ye-welding iya kungasebenzi kwaye iya kubonakala ingaphantsi kobuchwephesha.Xa ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld awanelisi imilinganiselo, akukho msantsa phakathi kwabalingane, umbhobho owenziwe ngodonga olungqingqwa awuyi kuhlamba i-groove, kwaye i-welding ayikwazi ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zamandla.
Imilinganiselo: Imibhobho eneendonga ezingqindilili yeGroove, shiya izithuba kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye ulungelelanise imibhobho ukuze ibe kumgca osembindini xa amalungu edityanisiwe.Ukongeza, ububanzi kunye nobude be-weld seam kufuneka bufakwe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo.
Taboo 8
Umbhobho ungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwe-permafrost kunye nomhlaba okhululekileyo ongacocwanga, kwaye nezitena ezomileyo ziyasetyenziswa.Izibonda zenkxaso zombhobho nazo zibekwe ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye zibekwe.Iziphumo: Ngenxa yenkxaso eshukumayo, umbhobho wonakaliswa ngexesha lokucinezelwa komhlaba, nto leyo efuneke ukuba kusetyenzwe kwakhona kwaye kulungiswe.Amanyathelo: Umhlaba ongalungiswanga oxengayo kunye nomhlaba omkhenkce azizondawo zifanelekileyo zokungcwaba imibhobho.Isithuba phakathi kwee-buttresses kufuneka sihambelane nezikhokelo zokwakha.Ukugqibelela kunye nokuzinza, udaka lwesamente kufuneka lusetyenziselwe ukwakha izitena zokumisa izitena.
Taboo 9
Inkxaso yombhobho ilungisiwe kusetyenziswa iibholithi zokwandiswa, kodwa into yebholithi ingaphantsi, imingxuma yazo mikhulu kakhulu, okanye ixhonywe kwiindonga zezitena okanye iindonga ezilula.Iziphumo: Umbhobho ugqwethiwe okanye uyawa, kwaye inkxaso yombhobho iyancipha.Iibholithi zokwandisa kufuneka zikhethe izinto ezithembekileyo, kwaye iisampuli zinokufuna ukuvavanywa ukuze zihlolwe.Idayamitha yomngxuma osetyenziselwe ukufaka iibholithi zokwandiswa akufunekanga ibe yi-2 mm enkulu kunedayamitha yangaphandle yeebholithi zokwandisa.Kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi, iibholithi zokwandisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Taboo 10
Iibholiti zokudibanisa zifutshane kakhulu okanye zine-diameter encinci, kwaye i-flanges kunye ne-gaskets esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo.Ukufudumeza imibhobho, i-rubber pads isetyenzisiweyo, kwimibhobho yamanzi abandayo, i-double-layer pads okanye i-inclined pads, kunye ne-flange pads ziphuma kumbhobho.Iziphumo: Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uqhagamshelo lweflange lukhululekile okanye lonakele.I-gasket ye-flange iphumela ngaphandle kumbhobho, eyenza ukuba amanzi ahambe nzima.Imilinganiselo: Iiflange zombhobho kunye neegaskets kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yoxinzelelo olusebenzayo loyilo lombhobho.Kwimibhobho ye-flange ekufudumezeni kunye neepayipi zokuhambisa amanzi ashushu, i-rubber asbestos gaskets kufuneka isetyenziswe;iigaskets zeflange kunikezelo lwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi, iigaskets zerabha kufuneka zisetyenziswe.Akukho nxalenye ye-gasket ye-flange inokudlulela kumbhobho, kwaye isangqa sayo sangaphandle kufuneka sichukumise umngxuma webholithi yeflange.Umbindi weflange akufanele ube naziphi na iipads zebevel okanye iipads ezininzi.I-bolt edibanisa i-flange kufuneka ibe nobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-2 mm enkulu kunomngxuma we-flange, kwaye ubude be-nut ephumayo kwi-bolt rod kufuneka ilingane nesiqingatha sobunzima be-nut.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2023
