Taboo 1
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi kufuneka lwenziwe kwiimeko ezibandayo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwasebusika.
Iziphumo: Umbhobho waba ngumkhenkce kwaye wonakaliswa ngenxa yokukhenkceza kombhobho wovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic.
Amanyathelo: Zama ukuvavanya uxinzelelo lwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba uwasebenzise ebusika kwaye ucime amanzi emva kovavanyo, ngakumbi amanzi aselwandle.ivalve, ekufuneka icocwe kungenjalo inokugqwala okanye, ngakumbi, iqhekeke. Xa uqhuba uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic ngexesha lasebusika, iprojekthi kufuneka igcine ubushushu bangaphakathi obukhululekile kwaye ikhuphe amanzi emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo.
Taboo 2
Inkqubo yemibhobho kufuneka igungxulwe, kodwa oku akungomcimbi ubalulekileyo kuba ukuhamba kunye nesantya awanelisi imigangatho. Nditsho nokugungxulwa endaweni yayo kukukhutshelwa kovavanyo lwamandla omoya. Iziphumo: Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho wamanzi ungahambelani nemigangatho yokusebenza kwenkqubo yemibhobho, amacandelo emibhobho ahlala ecuthwa ngobungakanani okanye avaleke. Sebenzisa ubuninzi bejusi enokuhamba kwisixokelelwano okanye ubuncinci be-3 m/s yokuqukuqela kwamanzi xa ugungxulwa. Ukuze i-outlet yokukhupha ithathelwe ingqalelo, umbala wamanzi kunye nokucaca kufuneka uhambelane nalawo amanzi angenayo.
Taboo 3
Ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo lwamanzi oluvaliweyo, ugutyulo, amanzi emvula, kunye nemibhobho yokudibanisa iyafihlwa. Iziphumo: Inokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi kunye nelahleko yabasebenzisi. Amanyathelo: Uvavanyo lwamanzi avaliweyo kufuneka luhlolwe kwaye luvunywe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into engaphantsi komhlaba, ngaphakathi kwesilingi, phakathi kwemibhobho, nolunye ufakelo olufihliweyo—kuquka ezo zithwele ilindle, amanzi emvula, necondensate—azivuzi.
Taboo 4
Kuphela ixabiso loxinzelelo kunye nokuguquguquka kwenqanaba lamanzi kubonwa ngexesha lokuvavanya amandla e-hydraulic kunye novavanyo lokuqina kwenkqubo yombhobho; ukuhlolwa kokuvuza akwanelanga. Ukuvuza okwenzeka emva kokuba inkqubo yombhobho isetyenziswa iphazamisana nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo. Amanyathelo: Xa inkqubo yemibhobho ivavanywa ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zoyilo kunye nezikhokelo zokwakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekiswa ngokucokisekileyo ukuba ngaba kukho ukuvuza ngaphezu kokurekhoda ixabiso loxinzelelo okanye utshintsho lomgangatho wamanzi kwixesha elibekiweyo.
Taboo 5
Iiflange zevalvu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kunyeiivalve butterfly. Ubungakanani beivelufa butterflyiflange iyahluka kuleyo yeflange yevalvu eqhelekileyo njengesiphumo. Ezinye iiflange zine-diameter encinci yangaphakathi ngelixa idiski yevalve yebhabhathane inenkulu, ebangela ukuba ivalve ingasebenzi kakuhle okanye ivuleke ngamandla kwaye ibangele umonakalo. Imilinganiselo: Bamba iflenge ngokungqinelana nobukhulu beflange bevalve yebhabhathane.
Taboo 6
Xa isakhiwo sokwakha sasisakhiwa, akukho macandelo adibeneyo agciniweyo, okanye amacandelo adibeneyo awazange atyunjwe kwaye imingxuma egciniweyo yayincinci kakhulu. Iziphumo: Ukutshiza isakhiwo sokwakha okanye ukunqunyulwa kweentsimbi ezigxininisiweyo kuya kuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo ngexesha lofakelo lweeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko. Amanyathelo: Funda izicwangciso zezakhiwo zeprojekthi yokufudumeza kunye nococeko ngononophelo, kwaye uthathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokwakha ngokugcina imingxuma kunye namacandelo adibeneyo njengoko kuyimfuneko ukufakwa kwemibhobho, izixhaso kunye nee-hangers. Nceda ujonge ngakumbi kwiinkcukacha zokwakha kunye neenkcukacha zoyilo.
Taboo 7
Xa umbhobho udityanisiwe, ulungelelwaniso lungekho embindini, akukho msantsa ushiywe ekulungelelaniseni, i-groove ayihlanjwanga kumbhobho oqinileyo, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhambelani nenkcazo yokwakha. Iziphumo: Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho awugxilwanga, inkqubo ye-welding iya kungasebenzi kwaye iya kubonakala ingaphantsi kobuchwephesha. Xa ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld awanelisi imilinganiselo, akukho msantsa phakathi kwabalingane, umbhobho owenziwe ngodonga olungqingqwa awuyi kuhlamba i-groove, kwaye i-welding ayikwazi ukuzalisekisa iimfuno zamandla.
Imilinganiselo: Imibhobho eneendonga ezingqindilili yeGroove, shiya izithuba kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo, kwaye ulungelelanise imibhobho ukuze ibe kumgca osembindini xa amalungu edityanisiwe. Ukongeza, ububanzi kunye nobude be-weld seam kufuneka bufakwe ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo.
Taboo 8
Umbhobho ungcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwe-permafrost kunye nomhlaba okhululekileyo ongacocwanga, kwaye nezitena ezomileyo ziyasetyenziswa. Izibonda zenkxaso zombhobho nazo zibekwe ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye zibekwe. Iziphumo: Ngenxa yenkxaso eshukumayo, umbhobho wonakaliswa ngexesha lokucinezelwa komhlaba, nto leyo efuneke ukuba kusetyenzwe kwakhona kwaye kulungiswe. Amanyathelo: Umhlaba ongalungiswanga oxengayo kunye nomhlaba omkhenkce azizondawo zifanelekileyo zokungcwaba imibhobho. Isithuba phakathi kwee-buttresses kufuneka sihambelane nezikhokelo zokwakha. Ukugqibelela kunye nokuzinza, udaka lwesamente kufuneka lusetyenziselwe ukwakha izitena zokumisa izitena.
Taboo 9
Inkxaso yombhobho ilungisiwe kusetyenziswa iibholithi zokwandiswa, kodwa into yebholithi ingaphantsi, imingxuma yazo mikhulu kakhulu, okanye ixhonywe kwiindonga zezitena okanye iindonga ezilula. Iziphumo: Umbhobho ugqwethiwe okanye uyawa, kwaye inkxaso yombhobho iyancipha. Iibholithi zokwandiswa kufuneka zikhethe izinto ezinokuthenjwa, kwaye iisampuli zinokufuna ukuvavanywa ukuze zihlolwe. Idayamitha yomngxuma osetyenziselwe ukufaka iibholithi zokwandisa akufunekanga ibe yi-2 mm enkulu kunedayamitha yangaphandle yebholithi zokwandisa. Kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi, iibholithi zokwandisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Taboo 10
Iibholiti zokudibanisa zifutshane kakhulu okanye zine-diameter encinci, kwaye i-flanges kunye ne-gaskets esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa imibhobho ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo. Ukufudumeza imibhobho, i-rubber pads isetyenzisiweyo, kwimibhobho yamanzi abandayo, i-double-layer pads okanye i-inclined pads, kunye ne-flange pads ziphuma kumbhobho. Iziphumo: Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uqhagamshelo lweflange lukhululekile okanye lonakele. I-gasket yeflange iphumela ngaphandle kumbhobho, nto leyo eyenza ukuba amanzi ahambe nzima. Imilinganiselo: Iiflange zombhobho kunye neegaskets kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yoxinzelelo olusebenzayo loyilo lombhobho. Kwimibhobho ye-flange ekufudumezeni kunye neepayipi zokuhambisa amanzi ashushu, i-rubber asbestos gaskets kufuneka isetyenziswe; iigaskets zeflange kunikezelo lwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi, iigaskets zerabha kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Akukho nxalenye ye-gasket ye-flange inokudlulela kumbhobho, kwaye isangqa sayo sangaphandle kufuneka sichukumise umngxuma webholithi yeflange. Umbindi weflange akufanele ube naziphi na iipads zebevel okanye iipads ezininzi. I-bolt edibanisa i-flange kufuneka ibe nobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-2 mm enkulu kunomngxuma we-flange, kwaye ubude be-nut ephumayo kwi-bolt rod kufuneka ilingane nesiqingatha sobunzima be-nut.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2023
