Uza kuvavanya umbhobho osandul’ ukufakwa ngoxinzelelo. Uxhalabile kukuba ukuvala iivalvu zebhola nokusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunokuqhekeza imizimba yeevalvu okanye konakalise izitywino, nto leyo eguqula itshekhi yokugqibela ibe kukulungiswa okubiza kakhulu.

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo aluyi konakalisa ivalvu yebhola yePVC ukuba yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo alufanele ludlule ngokuphindwe kayi-1.5 kunomlinganiselo woxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwevalvu, kwaye kufuneka usebenzise amanzi rhoqo (uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic), hayi umoya ocinezelweyo.

Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo kulo naluphi na ukufakelwa kwemibhobho, kwaye libangela ixhala elikhulu kubafaki. Ndibe nale ncoko amaxesha amaninzi namaqabane anjengoBudi e-Indonesia. Abathengi bakhe, abakhi, kufuneka baqiniseke ukuba iimveliso abazifakileyo zinokujongana novavanyo lokugqibela lwenkqubo. Umonakalo ngeli nqanaba awukho nje malunga neendleko zesixhobo esitsha.ivalvu; imalunga nexesha elilahlekileyo kunye nokuthembana. Ivalvu eyenziwe kakuhle evela kwiPntek yenzelwe kwaye yavavanywa ukuze ikwazi ukujongana nezi ngcinezelo ngokulula, logama nje kulandelwa iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni. Masiphinde sihlolisise ezo nkqubo.

Ngaba ungaluvavanya uxinzelelo ngevalvu yebhola?

Umbhobho ugqityiwe, kwaye lixesha lovavanyo lokugqibela lokuvuza. Awuqinisekanga ukuba kufuneka uvavanye ngeevalvu ezivulekileyo njengenxalenye yomgca, okanye uvale njengesiphelo esingenasiphelo.

Ewe, ungenza uvavanyo loxinzelelo kwivalvu yebhola kwindawo evaliweyo ukuze ujonge ukuthembeka kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lokuqala lwenkqubo kufuneka lwenziwe kuzo zonke iivalvu kwindawo evulekileyo.

Le ndlela inamanyathelo amabini yindlela yobuchule. Iqinisekisa ukuba uvavanya yonke inxalenye yenkqubo ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kokubeka uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko kuyo nayiphi na into. Uvavanyo lokuqala lujonga amalungu akho epayipi kunye nezixhobo, kwaye uvavanyo lwesibini luqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu ngokwayo isebenza njengoko kufanele. Luphawu olulula, kodwa lwenza inkqubo yovavanyo ikhuseleke kwaye isebenze ngakumbi.

Indlela yoVavanyo oluneZigaba ezibini

Ukulandela le nkqubo kuqinisekisa uvavanyo olucokisekileyo nolukhuselekileyo. Okokuqala, uqinisekisa ukuthembeka kombhobho. Emva koko, uqinisekisa amandla okuvala ivalvu.

1. Uvavanyo loBulungisa beNkqubo (Iivalufa zivuliwe):Injongo ephambili apha kukufumana ukuvuza kuzo zonke iindawo zombhobho ozincamathisele ngeglu. Vala iziphelo zombhobho wakho ogqityiweyo ngezigqubuthelo. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iivalvu zebhola ezingaphakathi komgca zikwindawoindawo evulekileyo epheleleyoOku kuvumela amanzi ukuba azalise yonke inkqubo, kuquka nemizimba yeevalvu, ngoko ke yonke into ivavanywa njengetyhubhu enye eqhubekayo. Zisa inkqubo phezulu kuxinzelelo lovavanyo kancinci kwaye ujonge onke amalungu ukuba akavuzi na. Le ndlela ivavanya ubuchule bakho kwiintambo zombhobho.
2. Uvavanyo lweValve yokutywina (iiValve zivaliwe):Emva kokuba inkqubo iphumelele uvavanyo lokuqala, ungavavanya izihlalo zevalvu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiivalvu zokwahlukanisa ekupheleni komgca. Xa inkqubo icinezelwe, yivale kancinci ivalvu. Jonga ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukuvuza okuvela kwisiqu sevalvu kwaye uhlole icala elisezantsi levalvu ukuqinisekisa ukuba inika isitywino esipheleleyo, esiqinileyo. Oku kuvavanya umgangatho wezivali zangaphakathi zevalvu (izihlalo zeTPE/EPDM).

Ngaba ungawuvavanya umbhobho wePVC oxinzelelweyo?

Ujonge umbhobho wePVC osandul’ ukunamatheliswa ixesha elide. Ingcinga yokuwuzalisa ngamanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu ikwenza ube nexhala. Kuthekani ukuba amalungu ayawa okanye umbhobho ngokwawo uyaqhuma?

Ewe, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lombhobho wePVC yinkqubo eqhelekileyo neyimfuneko. Kufuneka usebenzise amanzi (uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic) kwaye uhlale ngaphakathi kwemida yoxinzelelo, esekwe kumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lombhobho kunye nobushushu.

Le yenye indawo apho ukulandela imithetho emiselweyo kungundoqo wokhuseleko nempumelelo. Iinkqubo zemibhobho zePVC zinamandla kakhulu, kodwa azinakonakala. Yonke inkqubo—imibhobho, izixhobo, kunye neevalvu—yenzelwe umlinganiselo othile woxinzelelo. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo yindlela esiqinisekisa ngayo ukuba ufakelo lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye inkqubo ikulungele ukusebenza. Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu kukuba ungaze usebenzise umoya ocinezelweyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic vs. Pneumatic

Ukusebenzisa amanzi (hydrostatic) yindlela evunyiweyo kuphelauvavanyo loxinzeleloiinkqubo zemibhobho ye-thermoplastic. Ukusebenzisa umoya (i-pneumatic) kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye akuvumelekanga kuyo yonke imigangatho ephambili.

Uhlobo lovavanyo	Indlela	ukhuseleko	Kutheni Isetyenziswa/Ingasetyenziswa
I-Hydrostatic	Isebenzisa amanzi, aphantse angacinezeleki.	Ikhuselekile.Ukuba kukho ukuvuza, uxinzelelo luyehla ngoko nangoko xa kuphuma amanzi amancinci.	Umgangatho weshishini.Ifumana ukuvuza ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle. Zonke iivalvu zePntek zenzelwe oku.
I-Pneumatic	Isebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo, ogcina amandla amaninzi.	Ingozi Kakhulu.Ukuba icandelo liyasilela, amandla agciniweyo akhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ethumela iziqwenga zeplastiki ezindizayo njengeengqayi.	Ungaze usebenzise le ndlela.Yingozi enkulu yokhuseleko kwaye inokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu okanye ukufa.

Landela rhoqo "uMthetho we-1.5x": uxinzelelo oluphezulu lovavanyo alufanele lube ngaphezu kwe-1.5 amaxeshainxalenye ekumgangatho ophantsikwinkqubo ixesha elifutshane.

Ingakanani uxinzelelo olunokuphathwa yivalvu yebhola yePVC?

Ukhangela iivalvu zeprojekthi. Ubona iikhowudi ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-PN10, i-PN16, okanye iShedyuli 80. Kufuneka wazi ukuba yeyiphi enokumelana noxinzelelo lwenkqubo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokungaphumeleli.

Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwevalvu yebhola yePVC uxhomekeke kuyilo lwayo, ubungakanani, kunye nobushushu bayo. Ivalvu eqhelekileyo yePN10 ilinganiswa kwi-10 bar (145 psi) kubushushu begumbi, ngelixa iPN16 inokusingatha i-16 bar (232 psi).

Le yenye yezona nkcukacha zibalulekileyo endizixoxa noBudi. Ukuthelekisa umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwevalvu neemfuno zenkqubo kubalulekile. Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, odla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiCWP (Cold Working Pressure), ubhalwe ngokucacileyo emzimbeni wevalvu. Ikuxelela uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluhlala luhleli olunokuthi luphathwe yivalvu kwinkqubo yamanzi enobushushu obuphantsi (malunga nama-20°C / 68°F).

Indima Ebalulekileyo Yobushushu

Kwi-PVC, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu zidibene ngokuthe ngqo. Njengoko ubushushu bolwelo olukwipayipi lunyuka, amandla ezinto zePVC ayehla. Oku kuthetha ukuba ivalvu inokumelana noxinzelelo oluncinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"temperature derating."

Ubushushu bamanzi	Isici Sokunciphisa Uvavanyo Loxinzelelo	Umzekelo: Ivalvu yePN16 (16 Bar)
20°C (68°F)	1.0 (Uvavanyo olupheleleyo)	Ibha ye-16
30°C (86°F)	0.82	13.1 Ibha
40°C (104°F)	0.65	10.4 Ibha
50°C (122°F)	0.50	Ibha ye-8.0
60°C (140°F)	0.22	Ibha ye-3.5

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimozulu efudumeleyo efana ne-Indonesia. Ivalvu ekhuselekileyo ngokupheleleyo kwi-20°C isenokuba kufutshane kakhulu nomda wayo kumbhobho we-40°C ovezwe elangeni. Soloko ucinga ngobushushu obuphezulu obunokwenzeka xa ukhetha udidi loxinzelelo lwevalvu.

Ziziphi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ngevalvu yebhola?

Uchaze ivalvu esemgangathweni ophezulu, kodwa emva kweenyanga umthengi wakho utsalela umnxeba esithi iyavuza okanye kunzima ukuyijika. Kufuneka uqonde ukuba yintoni ebangela ezi mpazamo ukuze zingaphumeleli.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kukuvuza okuvela kwisiqu okanye kwi-union nuts, isiphatho esinzima ukusijika, okanye ukuqhekeka emzimbeni. Ezi ngxaki zihlala zibangelwa kukufakelwa okungafanelekanga okanye umonakalo womzimba.

Nangona ivalvu eyenziwe kakuhle ithembekile kakhulu, ayinangxaki. Uninzi lweengxaki endizibonayo kweli candelo lubuyela kwenye yezinto ezimbini: impazamo yokufakela okanye izinto zangaphandle. Ukuqonda ezi zizathu ziphambili kubalulekile. Yingakho ePntek, singagxili nje ekwenzeni ivalvu eqinileyo kodwa sikwafundisa amaqabane anjengoBudi ngokuphathwa nokufakelwa ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Izizathu Eziphambili Zokusilela Kwevalvu

Nazi iingxaki eziphambili esizibonayo kunye nendlela yokuzithintela.

1. Izitywina Ezivuzayo:Ukuvuza okuvela kwisiqu okanye kwi-union nuts kudla ngokuthetha ukuba i-O-ring yonakele okanye ayikho. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ivalvu idityaniswe kwakhona ngaphandle kokunyamekela. Ukuqinisa kakhulu ii-union nuts ngesikrufu esikhulu kunokwenza ukuba izitywini zingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye kubangele ukuvuza. Soloko uqinisa isandla kuqala.
2. Umsebenzi onzima:Isizathu sokuqala sokuba ivalvu iqine okanye ibanjwe yi-solvent cement (glue) engena ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ngexesha lokufakelwa. Yiyo loo nto kufunekarhoqofaka ivalvu yebhola yomanyano oluyinene ngokuncamathisela izihlanganisi zokugqibela kuqala, uze udibanise umzimba wevalvu emva kokuba iglu ipholile ngokupheleleyo.
3. Umzimba Oqhekekileyo:Iimfantu zihlala zibangelwa luxinzelelo lwangaphandle. Oku kusenokuba kukufakwa kwentambo okuqiniswe kakhulu, ukubetheka okubukhali kwesixhobo, okanye ukuvumela ivalvu ukuba iqine amanzi evaleleke ngaphakathi. Ungaze usebenzise ivalvu yebhola ukuxhasa ubunzima bombhobho.

Ukufakelwa nokuphathwa kakuhle kunokuthintela ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezi ngxaki ziqhelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Uvavanyo loxinzeleloIvalvu yebhola yePVCikhuselekile kwaye iyimfuneko xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa amanzi, ukuhlonipha umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, kunye nokulandela uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwamanqanaba amabini, uqinisekisa inkqubo ethembekileyo nengenamanzi.