Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amaxabiso omthwalo kwisikhongozeli samazwe ngamazweimarikeziye zaqhubeka zinyuka, eziye zaba nefuthe elikhulu kulungiselelo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ezothutho kunyeurhwebo.

Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, isalathiso sempahla yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseTshayina sifikelele kumanqaku angama-3,079, ukwanda kwe-240.1% ngexesha elifanayo ngo-2020, kwaye ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini ukuphakama kwembali ngamanqaku angama-1,336 ngaphambi komjikelo wangoku wokunyuka.

Lo mjikelo wokunyuka kwexabiso ubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi. Phambi kowama-2020, ukunyuka kwesantya somthwalo kwimakethi yeekhonteyina kwakugxininiswa ikakhulu kwezinye iindlela kunye namaxesha athile, kodwa lo mjikelo uye wonyuka ngokubanzi. Amaxabiso othutho kwiindlela ezinkulu ezifana nendlela yaseYurophu, indlela yaseMelika, indlela yaseJapan-South Korea, indlela yaseSoutheast Asia, kunye nendlela yeMeditera inyuke ngama-410.5 ngokulandelelanayo xa kuthelekiswa nokuphela kuka-2019. %, 198.2%, 39.1% , 89.7% kunye 396.7%.

"Akuzange kubonwe ngaphambili" izinga lomthwalo liyenyuka

Ngokumalunga nokukhula kwemarike yezothutho yeekhonteyina zamazwe ngamazwe, uJia Dashan, usekela mongameli weZiko loPhando lwezoThutho lwaManzi leSebe lezoThutho, othe wabandakanyeka kuphando lweshishini iminyaka emininzi, naye wakhala “ngokungabonwayo ngaphambili”.

UJia Dashan uthe ngokwembono yemfuno, uqoqosho lwehlabathi luqhubekile nokuchacha ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, kwaye urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luphinde lwaqalisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2019, imfuno yokuthuthwa kweekhonteyina inyuke malunga ne-6%. Imeko eTshayina ingcono. Ukususela ngoJuni ka-2020, imveliso kunye norhwebo lwangaphandle luzuze ukukhula okuqhubekayo.

Ukusuka kwimbono yokubonelela, ukusebenza kakuhle kweenqanawa ezichatshazelwa ngubhubhane kuye kwehla kakhulu. Amazwe alwandisile uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwendyikityha ephuma kumazwe angaphandle kumazibuko, andisa ixesha lokumisa iinqanawa kumazibuko, kwaye anciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthengiswa kweenqanawa. Umyinge wexesha leenqanawa zokumisa echwebeni liye landa malunga neentsuku ze-2, kwaye iinqanawa zaseMntla Melika zahlala echwebeni ngaphezu kweentsuku ze-8. Ukuhla kwengeniso yophule ibhalansi yokuqala. Xa kuthelekiswa nemeko apho ibhalansi esisiseko yokubonelela kunye nemfuno ngo-2019 yayiyintsalela kancinane, kukho ukunqongophalaubonelelomalunga ne-10%.

Ukunqongophala okuthe gqolo kwabasebenzi nabo kwandise ukunqongophala. Imeko yobhubhani entsonkothileyo kumazwe amakhulu ahamba ngolwandle anje ngePhilippines neIndiya, idityaniswa nokutshintsha kwabasebenzi kunye nokwahlukaniswa, kukhokelele ekunyukeni okuqhubekayo kweendleko zabasebenzi kwimarike yaselwandle.

Ukuphazanyiswa zezi zinto zikhankanywe ngasentla, ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo phakathi kokunikezelwa kweemarike kunye nemfuno ibuyele ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amaxabiso okuthutha i-container liner aqhubekile ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza.

Iinkcukacha-manani ezivela kwiBhunga leZizwe eziManyeneyo loRhwebo noPhuhliso, iCustoms yaseChina kunye namazibuko abonisa ukuba ukususela ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kobhubhane ukuya kweyeKhala kulo nyaka, ngaphezu kwe-80% yomthamo worhwebo wehlabathi wagqitywa ngolwandle, ngelixa umlinganiselo worhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina. kwaye ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngolwandle kwakusuka kulo bhubhani. I-94.3% yangaphambili inyuke yaya kutsho kuma-94.8%.

“Ngokophando olufanelekileyo, kurhwebo lokungeniswa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwaseTshayina, umlinganiselo weempahla ezinamalungelo okuthumela ngenqanawa alawulwa ngamashishini asekhaya uba ngaphantsi kwe-30%. Le nxalenye yamashishini iya kuchatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo kukuhla kwexabiso, ngelixa uninzi lwamanye amashishini ngokwethiyori engachatshazelwa kukuhla kwamaxabiso othutho. .” Jia Dashan wahlalutya. Ngamanye amazwi, ukunyuka kweendleko okubangelwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso omthwalo kuya kuqala ukudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo kubathengi bangaphandle, kwaye impembelelo ethe ngqo kumashishini aseTshayina incinci.

Nangona kunjalo, njengexabiso elibalulekileyo lempahla, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthutha ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kumashishini aseTshayina, okubonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo ekunciphiseni kweenkonzo zothutho. Ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga leshedyuli yenqwelomoya kunye nendawo exineneyo, ukujikeleza korhwebo lwamashishini aseTshayina athumela ngaphandle ayigudi. Nangona ii-odolo ziveliswa ngempumelelo, ukuhanjiswa kuya kuchatshazelwa kukuhamba kakubi, okuya kuchaphazela ukuphunyezwa komyalelo wenkampani kunye namalungiselelo okuvelisa.

“Amashishini amancinci naphakathi aya kuchaphazeleka ngakumbi.” UJia Dashan ukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokunqongophala kweziqinisekiso zekontraki yexesha elide, amashishini amancinci naphakathi afuna ikakhulu iinkonzo zothutho kwimarike yendawo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumandla othethathethwano kunye neziqinisekiso zomthamo, bajongene nokunyuka kwangoku kwemilinganiselo yomthwalo. Ingxaki yokuba "ibhokisi kunzima ukuyifumana, kwaye i-cabin inzima ukuyifumana". Ukongeza, izibuko elisecaleni komhlaba kunye nesebe lentlangano yezothutho phakathi kwelizwe liya kongeza ukuthotywa kwemithwalo eyongezelelweyo kunye neendleko zokugcina ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthutha kunye nokuncipha kwexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.

Ukwandisa umthamo kunzima ukunyanga

Ngokwedatha evela kumaziko ophando lwemarike yaselwandle, umthamo wehlabathi wokungenzi nto weenqanawa zeenqanawa wehle waya ngaphantsi kwe-1%. Ngaphandle kweenqanawa ekufuneka zilungiswe, phantse zonke umthamo zibekwe kwimarike. Uninzi lwabanini beenqanawa sele luqalisile ukwandisa ubungakanani bokuodolwa komthamo, kodwa umgama omde awunakonelisa unxano olusondeleyo. Abahambisi benqanawa basaxela ukuba umthamo usaqinile kwaye kunzima ukufumana ikhabhathi enye.

UZhu Pengzhou, ilungu le-Shanghai Shipping Exchange, uthe ikhonkco lokubonelela libizwa ngokuba yitsheyini ngenxa yokuba umda ophezulu womthamo wekhonkco lonke udla ngokuchaphazeleka yimpembelelo yebhodi emfutshane. Umzekelo, ukucutha ukusebenza kakuhle kwetheminali, ukunqongophala kwabaqhubi beelori, kunye nesantya esinganelanga sokukhulula kunye nezikhongozeli ezibuyiswayo kwimizi-mveliso konke kuya kubangela imiqobo. Iinkampani ze-Liner zandisa nje umthamo wokuthuthwa kweenqanawa azikwazi ukuphucula umthamo opheleleyo wekhonkco lolungiselelo.

UJia Dashan uvuma kakhulu. Ngokwemfuno, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2019, imfuno yokuthuthwa kweekhonteyina inyuke malunga ne-6%. Ngokubhekiselele kwisikhundla, umthamo unyuke malunga ne-7.5% ngexesha elifanayo. Kungabonwa ukuba ukungalingani phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno akubangelwa kukungonelanga kwamandla. Ukunyuka okungalungelelananga kwemfuno yomthwalo obangelwa ngubhubhani, ukuqokelelwa nokusasazwa okulambathayo, ukuxinana kwamazibuko, kunye nokwehla kokusebenza kakuhle kweenqanawa zezona zizathu ziphambili.

Ngenxa yoku, abanini beenqanawa bangoku basakulumkele kakhulu ukutyala imali ekwakhiweni kweenqanawa. Ngo-Agasti ka-2021, umlinganiselo womthamo we-odolo kwinqanawa ekhoyo uza kunyuka ukuya kwi-21.3%, engaphantsi kakhulu kwinqanaba le-60% kwincopho yokugqibela yokuthunyelwa kwenqanawa ngo-2007. umndilili wokukhula ngonyaka we-3% kunye nomyinge wonyaka we-3% wokudilizwa, ubudlelwane phakathi komthamo kunye nomthamo buya kuhlala bungatshintshi, kwaye imarike iya kuqhubeka nokugcina amazinga aphezulu omthwalo. inqanaba.

Kuya kunciphisa nini "kunzima ukufumana ikhabhinethi".

Ukunyuka kwesantya sothutho akulunganga kuphela kwiinkampani ezirhwebayo, kodwa kuya kuzisa imingcipheko enkulu kunye nokungaqiniseki kwiinkampani ezithumela ngenqanawa ekuhambeni kwexesha.

I-CMA CGM enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe iyenze yacaca ukuba ukusuka ngoSeptemba kulo nyaka ukuya kuFebruwari 2022, iyakuyeka ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthutha kwimarike yendawo. UHapag-Lloyd ukwathe ithathe amanyathelo okumisa ukunyuka kwesantya somthwalo.

“Kulindeleke ukuba ukuphela kuka-2021 kungenise iqondo lokunyuka kwesantya somthwalo kwimarike, kwaye isantya somthwalo siya kungena kancinci kancinci kwindawo yokufowuna. Kakade ke, impembelelo yokungaqiniseki kweemeko zongxamiseko ayinakukhutshwa.” UZhang Yongfeng, umcebisi oyintloko weZiko loPhando lwezoThutho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe laseShanghai kunye nomlawuli weZiko le-International Shipping Express.

"Nokuba ubudlelwane bokubonelela kunye nemfuno bubuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lika-2019, ngenxa yokunyuka kweendleko zezinto ezahlukeneyo, kunzima ukuba izinga lomthwalo libuyele kwinqanaba lika-2016 ukuya ku-2019." UJia Dashan uthe.

Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo amazinga aphezulu akhoyo ngoku, abanini bempahla abangakumbi nangakumbi batyekele ekutyikityeni izivumelwano zexesha elide zokuvalela amaxabiso omthwalo, kwaye umlinganiselo wezivumelwano zexesha elide emarikeni ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe.

Namasebe karhulumente asebenza ngokuzimisela. Kuyaqondwa ukuba uMphathiswa wezoThutho, uMphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye namanye amasebe afanelekileyo aphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo yokukhuthaza esebenzayo kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokwandisa imveliso yeekhonteyina, ukukhokela iinkampani ze-liner ukwandisa umthamo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkonzo yezothutho ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezizwe ngezizwe. ikhonkco lonikezelo lweshishini.