Umgaqo wokutywinwa kwevalvu

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu, kodwa umsebenzi wazo osisiseko uyafana, oku kukudibanisa okanye ukunqumla ukuhamba kwemidiya. Ke ngoko, ingxaki yokutywina kweevalvu iba yinto ebonakala kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivalvu ingayinqumla kakuhle indlela ephakathi kwaye ithintele ukuvuza, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutywinwa kwevalvu akunanto. Zininzi izizathu zokuvuza kwevalvu, kubandakanya uyilo olungafanelekanga lwesakhiwo, iindawo zokudibanisa ezingasebenzi kakuhle, iindawo zokubopha ezikhululekileyo, ukulingana okukhululekileyo phakathi komzimba wevalvu kunye nesigqubuthelo sevalvu, njl. Zonke ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela ekutywinweni okungafanelekanga kwevalvu. Kaloku, ngaloo ndlela kudala ingxaki yokuvuza. Ke ngoko,iteknoloji yokutywina ivalvububuchwepheshe obubalulekileyo obunxulumene nokusebenza kwevalvu kunye nomgangatho, kwaye bufuna uphando olucwangcisiweyo nolunzulu.

Ukususela ekudalweni kweevalvu, iteknoloji yazo yokutywina nayo iphuhliswe kakhulu. Okwangoku, iteknoloji yokutywina iivalvu ibonakala kakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini eziphambili, ezizezi ukutywina okungaguqukiyo kunye nokutywina okuguquguqukayo.

Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-static seal kudla ngokubhekisa kwi-seal ephakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezingashukumiyo. Indlela yokuvala ye-static seal ikakhulu isebenzisa ii-gaskets.

Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-dynamic seal kubhekisa ikakhulu kwiukutywinwa kwesiqu sevalvu, ethintela ukuba i-medium ekwivalvu ingavuzi xa ishukuma isiqu sevalvu. Eyona ndlela iphambili yokuvala i-dynamic seal kukusebenzisa ibhokisi yokuzalisa.

1. Itywina elingashukumiyo

Ukutywinwa okungaguqukiyo kubhekisa ekwakhiweni kwesitywino phakathi kwamacandelo amabini amileyo, kwaye indlela yokutywina isebenzisa kakhulu ii-gaskets. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeewasher. Iiwasher ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka iiwasher ezisicaba, iiwasher ezimile okwe-O, iiwasher ezisongiweyo, iiwasher ezinemilo ekhethekileyo, iiwasher ezimaza kunye neewasher ezimanxeba. Uhlobo ngalunye lunokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo.
①Umatshini wokuhlamba othe tyabaIi-flat washers zii-flat washers ezibekwe phakathi kwamacandelo amabini angashukumiyo. Ngokubanzi, ngokwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-flat washers zeplastiki, ii-flat washers zerabha, ii-flat washers zesinyithi kunye nee-composite flat washers. Isixhobo ngasinye sinoluhlu lwaso lokusetyenziswa.
②Iringi ye-O. Iringi ye-O ibhekisa kwi-gasket ene-cross-section efana ne-O. Ngenxa yokuba i-cross-section yayo inomfanekiso we-O, inesiphumo esithile sokuziqinisa, ngoko ke isiphumo sokutywina singcono kunese-flat gasket.
③Faka iiwashers. Igasket esongiweyo ibhekisa kwigasket esonga into ethile kwenye into. Igasket enjalo idla ngokuba nokuthamba okuhle kwaye inokuphucula isiphumo sokutywina. ④Iiwashers ezinemilo ekhethekileyo. Iiwashers ezinemilo ekhethekileyo zibhekisa kwezo gaskets zinemilo engalinganiyo, kubandakanya iiwashers ezigobileyo, iiwashers zedayimani, iiwashers zegiya, iiwashers zedovetail, njl. Ezi washers zihlala zinempembelelo yokuziqinisa kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiivalvu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphakathi.
⑤Isixhobo sokuhlamba amaza. Iigasket zamaza ziigaskets ezinemilo yamaza kuphela. Ezi gaskets zihlala zenziwe ngokudibanisa izinto zesinyithi kunye nezinto ezingezizo zesinyithi. Ngokubanzi zineempawu zamandla amancinci okucinezela kunye nesiphumo esihle sokutywina.
⑥ Songa iwasher. Iigaskets zamanxeba zibhekisa kwiigaskets ezenziwe ngokusonga imicu yesinyithi ebhityileyo kunye nemicu engeyoyesinyithi kunye. Olu hlobo lwegasket lunokuguquguquka okuhle kunye neempawu zokutywina. Izinto zokwenza iigaskets ziquka ikakhulu iindidi ezintathu, ezizezi: izinto zesinyithi, izinto ezingeyoyesinyithi kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ngokubanzi, izinto zesinyithi zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuqinileyo. Izinto zesinyithi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ubhedu, i-aluminium, intsimbi, njl. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezingeyoyesinyithi, kubandakanya iimveliso zeplastiki, iimveliso zerabha, iimveliso ze-asbestos, iimveliso ze-hemp, njl. Ezi zinto zingeyoyesinyithi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zinokukhethwa ngokweemfuno ezithile. Kukwakho neentlobo ezininzi zezinto ezidityanisiweyo, kubandakanya ii-laminates, iiphaneli ezidityanisiweyo, njl.njl., ezikhethwa ngokweemfuno ezithile. Ngokubanzi, iiwashers ezigobileyo kunye neewashers ezijikelezayo zamanxeba zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

2. Itywina eliguqukayo

I-Dynamic seal ibhekisa kwi-seal ethintela ukuhamba okuphakathi kwi-valve ukuba kungavuzi xa ishukuma i-valve stem. Le yingxaki yokutywina ngexesha lokushukuma okuqhelekileyo. Indlela ephambili yokutywina yibhokisi yokuzalisa. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko zeebhokisi zokuzalisa: uhlobo lwe-gland kunye nohlobo lwe-compression nut. Uhlobo lwe-gland lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku. Ngokubanzi, ngokwemo ye-gland, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo oludibeneyo kunye nohlobo oludibeneyo. Nangona imo nganye yahlukile, ngokusisiseko ibandakanya ii-bolts zokucinezela. Uhlobo lwe-compression nut lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwii-valve ezincinci. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci bolu hlobo, amandla okuxinana alinganiselwe.
Kwibhokisi yokuzalisa, ekubeni ukupakisha kudibana ngqo nesiqu sevalvu, ukupakisha kufuneka kube nokutywinwa okuhle, i-coefficient encinci yokungqubana, ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa noxinzelelo kunye nobushushu besixhobo, kwaye kukwazi ukumelana nokugqwala. Okwangoku, izizalisi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ii-O-rings zerabha, ukupakisha okulukiweyo kwe-polytetrafluoroethylene, ukupakisha kwe-asbestos kunye nezizalisi zokubumba zeplastiki. Izalisi nganye ineemeko zayo ezifanelekileyo kunye noluhlu, kwaye kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweemfuno ezithile. Ukuvala kukuthintela ukuvuza, ngoko ke umgaqo wokuvala ivalvu nawo ufundwa ngokwembono yokuthintela ukuvuza. Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela ukuvuza. Enye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa, oko kukuthi, umsantsa phakathi kwezibini zokutywinwa, kwaye enye ngumahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwamacala omabini esibini sokutywinwa. Umgaqo wokuvala ivalvu ukwahlalutywa kwiinkalo ezine: ukuvalwa kolwelo, ukuvalwa kwegesi, umgaqo wokuvala umjelo wokuvuza kunye nesibini sokutywinwa kwevalvu.

Ukuqina kolwelo

Iimpawu zokutywina zolwelo zimiselwa bubungqingili kunye noxinzelelo lomphezulu wolwelo. Xa i-capillary yevalvu evuzayo izaliswe yigesi, uxinzelelo lomphezulu lunokugxotha ulwelo okanye lungenise ulwelo kwi-capillary. Oku kudala i-angle ethambileyo. Xa i-angle ethambileyo ingaphantsi kwama-90°, ulwelo luya kufakwa kwi-capillary, kwaye kuya kubakho ukuvuza. Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yeempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-media. Uvavanyo olusebenzisa i-media ezahlukeneyo luya kuvelisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Ungasebenzisa amanzi, umoya okanye i-kerosene, njl. Xa i-angle ethambileyo ingaphezulu kwama-90°, kuya kubakho ukuvuza. Kuba inxulumene nefilimu yamafutha okanye ye-wax kumphezulu wesinyithi. Nje ukuba ezi filimu zomphezulu zinyibilikisiwe, iimpawu zomphezulu wesinyithi ziyatshintsha, kwaye ulwelo olugxothiweyo ekuqaleni luya kumanzisa umphezulu kwaye luvuze. Ngenxa yemeko engentla, ngokwefomula kaPoisson, injongo yokuthintela ukuvuza okanye ukunciphisa inani lokuvuza inokufezekiswa ngokunciphisa ububanzi be-capillary kunye nokwandisa ubungqingili bomedium.

Ukuqina kwegesi

Ngokwefomula kaPoisson, ukuqina kwegesi kunxulumene nobunzima beemolekyuli zegesi kunye negesi. Ukuvuza kuhambelana ngokuphambeneyo nobude betyhubhu ye-capillary kunye nobunzima begesi, kwaye kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobubanzi betyhubhu ye-capillary kunye namandla okuqhuba. Xa ububanzi betyhubhu ye-capillary bufana nomgangatho ophakathi wenkululeko yeemolekyuli zegesi, iimolekyuli zegesi ziya kugeleza ziye kwityhubhu ye-capillary ngentshukumo yobushushu ekhululekileyo. Ke ngoko, xa senza uvavanyo lokutywina ivalvu, i-medium kufuneka ibe ngamanzi ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo sokutywina, kwaye umoya, oko kukuthi, igesi, awunakufezekisa isiphumo sokutywina.

Nokuba singanciphisa ububanzi be-capillary ngaphantsi kwee-molecule zegesi ngokuguqulwa kweplastiki, asikwazi ukuyeka ukuhamba kwegesi. Isizathu kukuba iigesi zisenokusasazeka kwiindonga zesinyithi. Ke ngoko, xa senza uvavanyo lwegesi, kufuneka sibe ngqongqo ngakumbi kunovavanyo lolwelo.

Umgaqo wokutywina wejelo lokuvuza

Itywina levalvu linamacandelo amabini: ukungalingani okusasazeka kumphezulu wewave kunye nobunzima bokugoba kumgama ophakathi kweencopho zamaza. Kwimeko apho uninzi lwezinto zesinyithi kwilizwe lethu zinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-elastic, ukuba sifuna ukufikelela kwimeko evaliweyo, kufuneka sinyuse iimfuno eziphezulu kumandla okuxinzelela kwezinto zesinyithi, oko kukuthi, amandla okuxinzelela izinto kufuneka adlule ukuthamba kwazo. Ke ngoko, xa kuyilwa ivalvu, isibini sokutywina sihambelana nomahluko othile wobunzima. Phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo, inqanaba elithile lesiphumo sokutywina se-deformation yeplastiki liya kuveliswa.

Ukuba umphezulu wokutywina wenziwe ngezinto zesinyithi, iindawo ezingalinganiyo eziphumayo kumphezulu ziya kubonakala kwangoko. Ekuqaleni, umthwalo omncinci kuphela onokusetyenziselwa ukubangela ukuguquka kweplastiki kwezi ndawo zingalinganiyo eziphumayo. Xa umphezulu woqhagamshelwano usanda, ukungalingani komphezulu kuba yinguquko yeplastiki-elastic. Ngeli xesha, uburhabaxa kumacala omabini kwindawo yokuphumla kuya kubakho. Xa kuyimfuneko ukufaka umthwalo onokubangela ukuguquka okukhulu kweplastiki kwizinto ezingaphantsi, kwaye wenze iindawo ezimbini zihambelane ngokusondeleyo, ezi ndlela ziseleyo zinokwenziwa zisondele kumgca oqhubekayo kunye nolwalathiso olujikelezayo.

Isibini sesitywino sevalvu

Isibini sokutywina ivalvu yinxalenye yesihlalo sevalvu kunye nelungu lokuvala elivalayo xa zidibana. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, umphezulu wokutywina wesinyithi wonakala lula yi-entrained media, i-media corrosion, amasuntswana okuguga, i-cavitation kunye nokukhukuliseka. Ezifana namasuntswana okuguga. Ukuba amasuntswana okuguga mancinci kunoburhabaxa bomphezulu, ukuchaneka komphezulu kuya kuphucuka kunokuba kunciphe xa umphezulu wokutywina ugugile. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuchaneka komphezulu kuya kuncipha. Ke ngoko, xa kukhethwa amasuntswana okuguga, izinto ezifana nezixhobo zawo, iimeko zokusebenza, ukutyeba, kunye nokugqwala kumphezulu wokutywina kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo.

Njengamasuntswana agugileyo, xa sikhetha izitywini, kufuneka siqwalasele ngokupheleleyo izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwazo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izinto ezimelana nokugqwala, imikrwelo kunye nokukhukuliseka. Ngaphandle koko, ukungabikho kwayo nayiphi na imfuneko kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kokutywina.