Umgaqo wokutywinwa kwevalve

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalve, kodwa umsebenzi wabo osisiseko uyafana, oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa okanye ukunqumla ukuhamba kweendaba. Ke ngoko, ingxaki yokutywinwa kweevalvu iba yinto ebalaseleyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-valve inokunqumla ukuhamba okuphakathi kakuhle kwaye ithintele ukuvuza, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitywina sevalve sichanekile. Zininzi izizathu zokuvuza kwevalvu, kubandakanywa uyilo olungekho ngqiqweni lolwakhiwo, umphezulu wodibaniso oluneziphene, iindawo ezizibophelelayo ezikhululekileyo, indawo ekhululekileyo phakathi komzimba wevalvu kunye nesivalo sevalvu, njl. njl. Zonke ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela ekutywinweni okungafanelekanga kwevalvu. Ewe, ngaloo ndlela kudala ingxaki yokuvuza. Ngoko ke,iteknoloji yokutywina ivalvebubuchwepheshe obubalulekileyo obunxulumene nokusebenza kwevalvu kunye nomgangatho, kwaye ifuna uphando olucwangcisiweyo nolunzulu.

Ukususela ekudalweni kweevalve, iteknoloji yokutywina yabo iye yafumana uphuhliso olukhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, itekhnoloji yokutywinwa kwevalvu ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwimiba emibini emikhulu, eyile, ukutywinwa okumileyo kunye nokutywinwa okuguquguqukayo.

Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-static seal idla ngokubhekisa kwitywina phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini engatshintshiyo. Indlela yokutywina ye-static seal isebenzisa ikakhulu ii-gaskets.

Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-dynamic seal ibhekisa ikakhulu kwiukutywinwa kwesikhondo sevalve, ethintela i-medium kwivalve ekuvuzeni kunye nokuhamba kwe-valve stem. Indlela yokutywina engundoqo yotywino oluguquguqukayo kukusebenzisa ibhokisi yokuhlohla.

1. Isitywina esimileyo

Ukutywinwa okungatshintshiyo kubhekiselele ekwenziweni kwetywina phakathi kwamacandelo amabini amileyo, kwaye indlela yokutywina isebenzisa ikakhulu iigaskets. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeewasha. Iiwasha ezidla ngokusetyenziswa zibandakanya iiwasha ezisicaba, iiwasha ezimile okwe-O, iiwasha ezizisongileyo, iiwasha ezinemilo ekhethekileyo, oomatshini bokuhlamba amaza kunye neendawo zokuhlambela amanxeba. Uhlobo ngalunye lunokwahlulwa ngakumbi ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo.
①Iwasha eflethi. Izixhobo zokuhlamba ezineflethi ziziwasha ezisicaba ezibekwe mcaba phakathi kwamacandelo amabini amileyo. Ngokubanzi, ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiwasha zeplastiki ezisicaba, iiwasha ezisicaba zerabha, iiwasha ezisicaba zesinyithi kunye neewasha ezisicaba ezihlanganisiweyo. Imathiriyeli nganye inomsebenzi wayo. uluhlu.
②O-ringi. I-O-ring ibhekisela kwi-gasket ene-cross-shaped cross-section. Ngenxa yokuba i-cross-section yayo i-O-shaped, inomphumo othile wokuziqinisa, ngoko ke umphumo wokutywina ungcono kune-gasket flat.
③Bandakanya iiwasha. I-gasket esongiweyo ibhekiselele kwi-gasket esongela into ethile kwenye into. I-gasket enjalo ngokubanzi ine-elasticity efanelekileyo kwaye inokwandisa umphumo wokutywina. ④Iiwasha ezimile okwezodwa. Iiwasha ezinemilo ekhethekileyo zibhekisa kwezo gasket zinemilo engaqhelekanga, kubandakanywa iwasha embhoxo, iwasha zedayimani, iwasha zodidi lwegiya, iiwasha zohlobo lwehobe, njl. njl. .
⑤Iwasha yamaza. Iigaskets zamaza ziigaskets ezinemilo yamaza kuphela. Ezi gaskets zidla ngokuqulunqwa ngokudityaniswa kwezinto zetsimbi kunye nezinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo baneempawu zoxinzelelo oluncinci kunye nesiphumo esihle sokutywinwa.
⑥ Songa iwasha. Iigaskets zamanxeba zibhekiselele kwiigaskets ezenziwe ngokusonga imicu yentsimbi ebhityileyo kunye nemicu engeyiyo eyentsimbi ngokuqinileyo kunye. Olu hlobo lwe-gasket lune-elasticity elungileyo kunye neempawu zokutywinwa. Izinto zokwenza i-gaskets ikakhulu zibandakanya iindidi ezintathu, ezizezi, izinto zetsimbi, izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto zetsimbi zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokushisa okunamandla. Izinto zentsimbi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka ubhedu, i-aluminiyam, intsimbi, njl. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezingezizo zetsimbi, ezibandakanya iimveliso zeplastiki, iimveliso zerabha, iimveliso ze-asbestos, iimveliso ze-hemp, njl. ngokweemfuno ezithile. Kukho neentlobo ezininzi zezinto ezidibeneyo, ezibandakanya i-laminates, iipaneli ezidibeneyo, njl., Ezikwaye zikhethwe ngokweemfuno ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiwasha ezinamalahle kunye neewasha zamanxeba ajikelezayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

2. Isitywina esinamandla

Itywina elinamandla libhekisa kwitywina elithintela ukuhamba okuphakathi kwivalve ekuvuzeni ngokushukuma kwesikhondo sevalve. Le yingxaki yokutywinwa ngexesha lokunyakaza okuhambelanayo. Eyona ndlela yokutywina yibhokisi yokuhlohla. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezisisiseko zokupakisha iibhokisi: uhlobo lwedlala kunye nodidi lwentongomane yoxinzelelo. Uhlobo lwedlala lolona hlobo lusetyenziswayo ngoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokwendlela yegland, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo oludityanisiweyo kunye nodidi oludibeneyo. Nangona ifom nganye yahlukile, ngokusisiseko ibandakanya iibholithi zoxinzelelo. Uhlobo lwe-nut yoxinzelelo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivalvu ezincinci. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci bolu hlobo, amandla oxinzelelo alinganiselwe.
Kwibhokisi yokupakisha, ekubeni ukupakisha kuhambelana ngqo ne-valve stem, ukupakishwa kuyadingeka ukuba ube nokutywinwa kakuhle, i-coefficient encinci ye-friction, ikwazi ukulungelelanisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu be-medium, kwaye i-corrosion-resistant. Okwangoku, iifayili ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-rubber O-rings, i-polytetrafluoroethylene ephothiweyo yokupakisha, ukupakisha i-asbestos kunye neplastiki yokubumba iifayili. Isigcwalisi ngasinye sineemeko ezisebenzayo kunye noluhlu, kwaye kufuneka lukhethwe ngokweemfuno ezithile. Ukutywinwa kukuthintela ukuvuza, ngoko ke umgaqo wokutywinwa kwevalvu ukwafundwa ngokwembono yokuthintela ukuvuza. Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela ukuvuza. Enye yeyona nto ibalulekileyo echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa, oko kukuthi, umsantsa phakathi kwezibini zokutywina, kwaye enye ngumahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwamacala omabini esibini sokutywina. Umgaqo wokutywina wevalve ukwacazululwa kwimiba emine: ukutywinwa kolwelo, ukutywinwa kwerhasi, umgaqo wokutywina wetshaneli evuzayo kunye nepere yokutywina.

Ukuqina kolwelo

Iimpawu zokutywinwa zolwelo zichongwa yi-viscosity kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphezulu kolwelo. Xa i-capillary yevalve evuzayo izaliswe yigesi, ukuxinezeleka kwendawo kunokugxotha ulwelo okanye ukungenisa ulwelo kwi-capillary. Oku kudala i-engile ye-tangent. Xa i-angle ye-tangent ingaphantsi kwe-90 °, i-liquid iya kufakwa kwi-capillary, kwaye ukuvuza kuya kwenzeka. Ukuvuza kwenzeka ngenxa yeempawu ezahlukeneyo zeendaba. Uvavanyo olusebenzisa imidiya eyahlukeneyo luya kunika iziphumo ezahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Ungasebenzisa amanzi, umoya okanye i-kerosene, njl. Xa i-angle ye-tangent inkulu kune-90 °, ukuvuza kuya kwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba inxulumene negrisi okanye ifilimu yewax kumphezulu wesinyithi. Nje ukuba ezi filim zangaphezulu zinyibilikisiwe, iipropathi zomphezulu wesinyithi ziyatshintsha, kwaye ulwelo olugxothiweyo lwangaphambili luya kumanzisa umphezulu kwaye luvuze. Ngokubhekiselele kule meko ingentla, ngokwefomula yePoisson, injongo yokuthintela ukuvuza okanye ukunciphisa inani lokuvuza kunokufezekiswa ngokunciphisa i-capillary diameter kunye nokwandisa i-viscosity ye-medium.

Ukuxinana kwegesi

Ngokutsho kwefomula yePoisson, ukuqina kwegesi kuhambelana ne-viscosity yee-molecule zegesi kunye negesi. Ukuvuza kuhambelana ngokungafaniyo nobude betyhubhu ye-capillary kunye ne-viscosity yegesi, kwaye ngokuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobubanzi betyhubhu ye-capillary kunye namandla okuqhuba. Xa ububanzi bombhobho we-capillary bufana neqondo eliqhelekileyo lenkululeko yee-molecule zegesi, iimolekyuli zegesi ziya kuhamba kwityhubhu ye-capillary kunye ne-free motion thermal. Ngoko ke, xa senza uvavanyo lokutywinwa kwe-valve, i-medium kufuneka ibe ngamanzi ukufezekisa umphumo wokutywina, kunye nomoya, oko kukuthi, igesi, ayikwazi ukufikelela kwisiphumo sokutywinwa.

Nokuba sinciphisa i-capillary diameter engaphantsi kweeathom zegesi ngokusebenzisa ukuguqulwa kweplastiki, asikwazi ukumisa ukuhamba kwegesi. Isizathu kukuba iigesi zisenako ukusasazeka kwiindonga zentsimbi. Ngoko ke, xa sisenza uvavanyo lwegesi, kufuneka sibe ngqongqo ngakumbi kunovavanyo lolwelo.

Umgaqo wokutywina wejelo lokuvuza

Ivalve yokutywina inamacandelo amabini: ukungalingani okusasazeka kumphezulu wamaza kunye noburhabaxa bomaza kumgama ophakathi kweencopho zamaza. Kwimeko apho uninzi lwezixhobo zetsimbi kwilizwe lethu lunoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-elastic, ukuba sifuna ukufezekisa imeko etywiniweyo, kufuneka siphakamise iimfuno eziphezulu kumandla oxinzelelo lwentsimbi, oko kukuthi, ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto. kufuneka igqithise ukunwebeka kwayo. Ngoko ke, xa uyila i-valve, isibini sokutywina sihambelana nomahluko othile wobunzima. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo, iqondo elithile le-plastic deformation deformation yokutywina iya kuveliswa.

Ukuba indawo yokutywinwa yenziwe ngezixhobo zetsimbi, ke iindawo ezingalinganiyo eziphumayo kumphezulu ziya kubonakala zisengaphambili. Ekuqaleni, kuphela umthwalo omncinci ongasetyenziselwa ukwenza ukuguqulwa kweplastiki kula manqaku angalinganiyo avelayo. Xa umphezulu woqhagamshelwano unyuka, ukungalingani komphezulu kuba yi-plastic-elastic deformation. Ngeli xesha, uburhabaxa kumacala omabini kwikhefu kuya kubakho. Xa kuyimfuneko ukufaka umthwalo onokubangela ukuguqulwa kweplastiki enzulu yezinto eziphantsi, kwaye wenze iindawo ezimbini ezikufutshane, ezi ndlela eziseleyo zingenziwa ngokusondeleyo kumgca oqhubekayo kunye nolwalathiso olujikelezayo.

Iperi yevalve yetywina

Iperi yevalve yokutywina yinxalenye yesitulo sevalve kunye nelungu elivalayo elivalayo xa zidibana. Ngethuba lokusetyenziswa, indawo yokutywinwa kwesinyithi yonakaliswa lula yimidiya edibeneyo, i-corrosion media, i-particle yokugqoka, i-cavitation kunye nokuguguleka. Njengokunxiba amasuntswana. Ukuba iincinci zokunxiba zincinci kunoburhabaxa bomphezulu, ukuchaneka komphezulu kuya kuphuculwa kunokuba kubi xa indawo yokutywina inxibe. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuchaneka komphezulu kuya kuhla. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha amasuntswana okugqoka, izinto ezifana nezixhobo zabo, iimeko zokusebenza, i-lubricity, kunye ne-corrosion kwindawo yokutywina kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.

Kanye njengamasuntswana okugqoka, xa sikhetha itywina, kufuneka siqwalasele ngokubanzi izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwazo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izinto ezichasene ne-corrosion, i-scratches kunye ne-rosion. Ngaphandle koko, ukungabikho kwayo nayiphi na imfuneko kuya kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kokutywinwa.