Imibhobho yeekhemikhali kunye neevalvu yinxalenye eyimfuneko kwimveliso yeekhemikhali kunye nekhonkco lezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemichiza. Zisebenza njani iivalvu ezi-5 eziqhelekileyo kwimibhobho yekhemikhali? Injongo ephambili? Yeyiphi imibhobho yeekhemikhali kunye neevalvu zokufakelwa? (Iintlobo ezili-11 zemibhobho + 4 iintlobo zokufakelwa kwemibhobho + 11 iivalvu ezinkulu) Imibhobho yeekhemikhali, zonke ezi zinto zinobuchule kwinqaku elinye!

Imibhobho yeekhemikhali kunye neevalvu zokufakelwa

Iindidi zemibhobho yeekhemikhali zihlelwa ngezinto eziphathekayo: iipayipi zetsimbi kunye nemibhobho engeyiyo.

Ityhubhu yesinyithi

Imibhobho yentsimbi, imibhobho yentsimbi yomthungo, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo, imibhobho yobhedu, imibhobho yealuminiyam, kunye nemibhobho yelothe.

① Umbhobho wentsimbi:

Umbhobho wentsimbi ngomnye wemibhobho esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimibhobho yekhemikhali.

Ngenxa ye-brittleness yayo kunye nokuxinana okungahambi kakuhle koqhagamshelwano, ilungele kuphela ukuhambisa imidiya yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye ayifanelekanga ukuhambisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-steam kunye nezinto ezinetyhefu kunye neziqhushumbisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwimibhobho yokubonelela ngamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, igesi engundoqo kunye nemibhobho yogutyulo. Iimpawu zemibhobho yentsimbi etyhidiweyo zibonakaliswe nge-Ф ubukhulu bangaphakathi × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

②umbhobho wentsimbi othungelweyo:

Imibhobho yentsimbi yomthungo yahlulwe ngokwemibhobho yerhasi yamanzi eqhelekileyo (uxinzelelo loxinzelelo 0.1～1.0MPa) kunye nemibhobho engqingqwa (ukumelana noxinzelelo 1.0～0.5MPa) ngokoxinzelelo lwabo lokusebenza.

Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuthutha ulwelo loxinzelelo olunjengamanzi, igesi, ukufudumeza umphunga, umoya ocinezelweyo, kunye neoyile. Imibhobho eyenziwe ngegalvanized ibizwa ngokuba yimibhobho yentsimbi okanye imibhobho eyenziwe ngamagalvanized. Leyo ingenazikethi ibizwa ngokuba yimibhobho yentsimbi emnyama. Inkcazo yayo ibonakaliswe ngokubhekiselele kwi-diameter ye-nominal. Ubuncinci bedayamitha yegama yi-6mm kwaye obona bukhulu bobukhulu bedayamitha yi-150mm.

③umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo:

Inzuzo yombhobho wensimbi engenamthungo ngumgangatho wayo ofanayo kunye namandla aphezulu.

Izinto eziphathekayo ziyi-carbon steel, i-high-quality steel, i-low-alloy steel, i-stainless steel, kunye ne-heat-resistant steel. Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, kukho iindidi ezimbini: imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo eshushu eqengqelekayo kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo etsalwa ngokubanda. Kubunjineli bemibhobho, iipayipi ezishushu zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa ububanzi budlula i-57mm, kwaye iipayipi ezibandayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa ububanzi bungaphantsi kwe-57mm.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuthutha zonke iintlobo zeegesi ezinoxinzelelo, umphunga kunye nolwelo, kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (malunga nama-435°C). Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-alloy isetyenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya eyingozi, phakathi kwayo imibhobho ye-alloy enganyangekiyo inokumelana nobushushu ukuya kwi-900-950 ℃. Ukucaciswa kombhobho wensimbi engenamthungo kubonakaliswa ngu-Ф ububanzi bangaphakathi × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

Ubukhulu bangaphandle bedayamitha yangaphandle yombhobho otsalwayo yi-200mm, kwaye ubuninzi bangaphandle bedayamitha yombhobho oshushu oqengqelekayo yi-630mm. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yahlulwe ngokwemibhobho jikelele engenamthungo kunye nemibhobho ekhethekileyo engenamthungo ngokosetyenziso lwayo, efana nepetroleum eqhekekileyo imibhobho engenamthungo, imibhobho yebhoyila engenamthungo, kunye nemibhobho yesichumisi engenamthungo.

④ Umbhobho wobhedu:

I-tube yobhedu inefuthe elihle lokudlulisa ubushushu.

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yezixhobo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nezixhobo ze-cryogenic, iityhubhu zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwesixhobo okanye ukuhambisa ulwelo olucinezelekileyo, kodwa xa ubushushu bungaphezulu kwama-250 ℃, ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso libiza kakhulu, lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo.

⑤Ityhubhu yeAluminiyam:

I-Aluminiyam inokumelana nokugqwesa okulungileyo.

Iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya efana ne-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo, i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-carbon dioxide, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekutshintshiseni ubushushu. Iityhubhu ze-aluminium azikwazi ukumelana ne-alkali kwaye azinakusetyenziselwa ukuthutha izisombululo ze-alkaline kunye nezisombululo eziqukethe i-ion chloride.

Njengoko amandla omatshini wetyhubhu ye-aluminium ehla kakhulu ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, ukusetyenziswa kweqondo lokushisa lombhobho we-aluminium alikwazi ukudlula i-200 ° C, kwaye ukushisa kokusetyenziswa kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwipayipi yoxinzelelo. I-aluminium ineempawu ezingcono zomatshini kumaqondo aphantsi, ngoko ke i-aluminium kunye ne-aluminium alloy tubes zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwahlula umoya.

⑥ Umbhobho okhokelayo:

Imibhobho yelothe isoloko isetyenziswa njengemibhobho yokuthutha imidiya eneasidi. Bangakwazi ukuthutha i-0.5% -15% ye-sulfuric acid, i-carbon dioxide, i-60% ye-hydrofluoric acid, kunye ne-acetic acid ene-concentration engaphantsi kwe-80%. Ayifanelekanga ukuthutha i-nitric acid, i-hypochlorous acid kunye nezinye imidiya. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kombhobho okhokelayo yi-200 ℃.

Ityhubhu engeyintsimbi

Umbhobho wePlastiki, umbhobho weplastiki, umbhobho weglasi, umbhobho we-ceramic, umbhobho wesamente.

①Umbhobho wePlastiki:

Iingenelo zemibhobho yeplastiki kukuxhathisa okulungileyo kokuhlwa, ubunzima bokukhanya, ukubumba okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza lula.

Ukungalungi ngamandla aphantsi kunye nokunganyangeki kobushushu.

Okwangoku, imibhobho yeplastiki esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yimibhobho ye-polyvinyl chloride eqinile, imibhobho ye-polyvinyl chloride ethambileyo, imibhobho ye-polyethylene,imibhobho yepolypropylene, kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi ene-polyolefin kunye ne-polychlorotrifluoroethylene efafazwe phezulu.

②Ityhubhu yerabha:

Ityhubhu yerabha inokumelana ne-corrosion elungileyo, ubunzima obulula, iplastiki elungileyo, ibhetyebhetye kunye nofakelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuqhaqha.

Iityhubhu zerabha ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe ngerubha yendalo okanye irabha eyenziweyo, kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko apho iimfuno zoxinzelelo zingekho phezulu.

③Ityhubhu yeglasi:

Ityhubhu yeglasi ineengenelo zokuxhathisa umhlwa, ukungafihli, ukucocwa lula, ukuxhathisa okuphantsi, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ububi kukuba i-brittle kwaye ayikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo.

Idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko zovavanyo okanye zovavanyo lomsebenzi.

④Ityhubhu yeCeramic:

Iikheramics zekhemikhali ziyafana neglasi kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokubola. Ukongeza kwi-hydrofluoric acid, i-fluorosilicic acid kunye ne-alkali eyomeleleyo, banokumelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-acids, i-organic acids kunye ne-solvents eziphilayo.

Ngenxa yamandla aphantsi kunye nokuqina kwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukususa imidiya ebolileyo kwimibhobho yogutyulo kunye nemibhobho yokungenisa umoya.

⑤ umbhobho wesamente:

Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwiimeko apho iimfuno zoxinzelelo kunye nokutywinwa kombhobho wokudibanisa awuphezulu, njengamapayipi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi.