Iipayipi zeekhemikhali kunye neevalvu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso yeekhemikhali kunye nokudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Zisebenza njani iivalvu ezi-5 eziqhelekileyo kwiipayipi zeekhemikhali? Injongo ephambili? Zithini iivalvu zeekhemikhali kunye neefittings? (Iintlobo ezili-11 zeepayipi + iintlobo ezi-4 zeefittings zeepayipi + iivalvu ezinkulu ezili-11) Iipayipi zeekhemikhali, zonke ezi zinto zichazwe kakuhle kwinqaku elinye!

Iipayipi zeekhemikhali kunye neevalvu zokufakelwa

Iindidi zeemibhobho zeekhemikhali zahlulwe ngokwezinto eziphathekayo: imibhobho yesinyithi kunye nemibhobho engeyoyesinyithi.

Ityhubhu yesinyithi

Imibhobho yesinyithi esixonxiweyo, imibhobho yesinyithi esinomthungo, imibhobho yesinyithi esingenamthungo, imibhobho yobhedu, imibhobho ye-aluminiyamu, kunye nemibhobho yelothe.

①Umbhobho wesinyithi ophosiweyo:

Umbhobho wesinyithi othungelweyo ngomnye wemibhobho esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yamakhemikhali.

Ngenxa yokuba ibuthathaka kwaye ixinene kakhulu, ifanelekela kuphela ukuhambisa izixhobo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye ayifanelekanga ukuhambisa umphunga oshushu kakhulu noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nezinto ezinobuthi neziqhumayo. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwimibhobho yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, iipayipi zegesi kunye nemibhobho yamanzi amdaka. Iinkcukacha zemibhobho yesinyithi esityhidiweyo zibonakaliswa bububanzi bangaphakathi be-Ф × ubukhulu bodonga (mm).

②Ipayipi yentsimbi ethungiweyo:

Imibhobho yentsimbi enomthungo yahlulwe yaba yimibhobho yegesi yamanzi eqhelekileyo (ukumelana noxinzelelo 0.1 ～ 1.0MPa) kunye nemibhobho etyebileyo (ukumelana noxinzelelo 1.0 ～ 0.5MPa) ngokwexinzelelo layo lokusebenza.

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuthutha ulwelo oluxinzelelweyo olufana namanzi, igesi, umphunga ofudumezayo, umoya ocinezelweyo, kunye neoyile. Iipayipi ezigayiweyo zibizwa ngokuba ziipayipi zesinyithi ezigayiweyo okanye iipayipi ezigayiweyo. Ezo zingagayiweyo zibizwa ngokuba ziipayipi zesinyithi ezimnyama. Iinkcukacha zayo zichazwa ngokwedayamitha eqhelekileyo. Ububanzi obuncinci obuqhelekileyo yi-6mm kwaye ububanzi obuphezulu obuqhelekileyo yi-150mm.

③Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo:

Inzuzo yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo kukuba usemgangathweni ofanayo kwaye unamandla aphezulu.

Ezi zinto ziyintsimbi yekhabhoni, intsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu, intsimbi engenamthungo, intsimbi engatyiwayo, kunye nentsimbi engatshisi. Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza, kukho iintlobo ezimbini: imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo eqengqelekayo eshushu kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ebanda. Kubunjineli bemibhobho, imibhobho eqengqelekayo eshushu isetyenziswa rhoqo xa ububanzi bungaphezulu kwe-57mm, kwaye imibhobho eqengqelekayo ebandayo isetyenziswa rhoqo xa ububanzi bungaphantsi kwe-57mm.

Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha zonke iintlobo zeegesi ezixinzelelweyo, umphunga kunye nolwelo, kwaye zinokunyamezela amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (malunga ne-435°C). Iipayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha imidiya erhabaxa, apho iipayipi ze-alloy ezimelana nobushushu zinokunyamezela amaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-900-950℃. Inkcazo yombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo ibonakaliswa yi-Ф inner diameter × wall thickness (mm).

Ububanzi obuphezulu bangaphandle bombhobho otsalwa kubanda yi-200mm, kwaye ububanzi obuphezulu bangaphandle bombhobho oqengqelekayo oshushu yi-630mm. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo yahlulwe yaba yimibhobho engenamthungo ngokubanzi kunye nemibhobho ekhethekileyo engenamthungo ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo, njengemibhobho engenamthungo eqhekekayo ngepetroliyam, imibhobho engenamthungo yebhoyila, kunye nemibhobho engenamthungo yesichumiso.

④ Umbhobho wobhedu:

Ityhubhu yobhedu inefuthe elihle lokudlulisa ubushushu.

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ubushushu kunye nezixhobo ezibonisa ubushushu, iityhubhu zokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwezixhobo okanye ulwelo oluhambisa uxinzelelo, kodwa xa ubushushu buphezulu kune-250 ℃, ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa phantsi koxinzelelo. Ngenxa yokuba ixabiso libiza kakhulu, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo.

⑤Ityhubhu yeAluminiyam:

I-aluminium inokumelana kakuhle nokugqwala.

Iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto ezifana ne-sulfuric acid exineneyo, i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-carbon dioxide, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-heat exchangers. Iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam azimelani ne-alkali kwaye azinakusetyenziselwa ukuthutha izisombululo ze-alkaline kunye nezisombululo ezine-chloride ions.

Njengoko amandla oomatshini etyhubhu ye-aluminiyam ehla kakhulu ngokonyuka kobushushu, ubushushu bokusetyenziswa kwetyhubhu ye-aluminiyam abunakudlula kwi-200°C, kwaye ubushushu bokusetyenziswa buya kuba sezantsi kwipayipi exinzelelweyo. I-aluminiyam ineempawu ezingcono zoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ngoko ke iityhubhu ze-aluminiyam kunye ne-aluminiyam alloy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwahlula umoya.

⑥ Umbhobho welothe:

Iipayipi ze-lead zihlala zisetyenziswa njengeepayipi zokuthutha i-acidic media. Zinokuthutha i-sulfuric acid eyi-0.5%-15%, i-carbon dioxide, i-hydrofluoric acid engama-60%, kunye ne-acetic acid enoxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwama-80%. Ayifanelekanga ukuthutha i-nitric acid, i-hypochlorous acid kunye nezinye i-media. Ubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kwepayipi ye-lead yi-200℃.

Ityhubhu engeyiyo yesinyithi

Umbhobho weplastiki, umbhobho weplastiki, umbhobho weglasi, umbhobho weseramikhi, umbhobho wesamente.

①Umbhobho weplastiki:

Iingenelo zeepayipi zeplastiki kukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ubunzima obulula, ukubumba okulula kunye nokucutshungulwa okulula.

Ingxaki kukuba amandla ayo aphantsi kwaye ayilungelanga ukumelana nobushushu.

Okwangoku, imibhobho yeplastiki esetyenziswa kakhulu yimibhobho ye-polyvinyl chloride eqinileyo, imibhobho ye-polyvinyl chloride ethambileyo, imibhobho ye-polyethylene,imibhobho ye-polypropylene, kunye nemibhobho yesinyithi ene-polyolefin kunye ne-polychlorotrifluoroethylene etshiziweyo phezu komhlaba.

②Ityhubhu yerabha:

Ityhubhu yerabha inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ubunzima bayo bulula, iplastiki yayo ilungile, iyakwazi ukufakelwa kwaye iqhaqhwe lula kwaye iguquguquka.

Iityhubhu zerabha ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zenziwe ngerabha yendalo okanye ngerabha yokwenziwa, kwaye zifanelekile kwiimeko apho uxinzelelo lungekho phezulu.

③Ityhubhu yeglasi:

Ityhubhu yeglasi ineengenelo zokungagqwali, ukucaca, ukucoceka okulula, ukumelana okuphantsi, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Ingxaki kukuba iyaqhekeka kwaye ayikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo.

Ihlala isetyenziswa kwiimeko zomsebenzi zovavanyo okanye zovavanyo.

④Ityhubhu yeseramikhi:

Iiceramics zekhemikhali zifana neglasi kwaye zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Ukongeza kwi-hydrofluoric acid, i-fluorosilicic acid kunye ne-alkalis enamandla, zinokumelana noxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo lwee-inorganic acids, ii-organic acids kunye nezinyibilikisi ze-organic.

Ngenxa yokuba inamandla aphantsi kwaye ayibonakali lula, isetyenziswa kakhulu ukususa izinto ezibangela ukubola kwimibhobho yamanzi amdaka kunye nemibhobho yokungenisa umoya.

⑤Umbhobho wesamente:

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko apho iimfuno zoxinzelelo kunye nokutywinwa kombhobho woqhagamshelo zingekho phezulu, njengemibhobho yamanzi amdaka angaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemibhobho yokukhupha amanzi.