Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila yabantu, ulwazi ngokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye neenkxalabo zempilo, kuye kwaqala utshintsho oluluhlaza kushishino lwezixhobo zokwakha kwicandelo lokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi. Ngokwenani elikhulu ledatha yokujonga umgangatho wamanzi, imibhobho yentsimbi ebandayo idla ngokugqwala emva kweminyaka engaphantsi kwemi-5 yobomi benkonzo, kwaye ivumba lesinyithi libi kakhulu. Abemi bakhalaza kumasebe karhulumente omnye emva komnye, nto leyo ebangela uhlobo lwengxaki yoluntu. Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho yesinyithi yendabuko, imibhobho yeplastiki ineempawu zobunzima obuphantsi, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu okucinezelwa, ucoceko kunye nokhuseleko, ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi okuphantsi, ukonga amandla, ukonga isinyithi, indawo yokuhlala ephuculweyo, ubomi benkonzo ende, kunye nokufakelwa okulula. Ithandwa luluntu lobunjineli kwaye ithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu, yenza umkhwa wophuhliso ongenangqondo.

Iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kombhobho weplastiki

﹝一﹞Polypropylene umbhobho (I-PPR)

(1) Kwiiprojekthi zokwakha nokufakela ezikhoyo ngoku, uninzi lwezixhobo zokufudumeza kunye nokubonelela ngamanzi ziipayipi ze-PPR (iziqwenga). Iingenelo zayo kukufakela okulula nokukhawulezayo, okungabizi kakhulu kunye nokusingqongileyo, ubunzima obulula, ucoceko kunye nokungabi natyhefu, ukumelana nobushushu okuhle, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina ubushushu, ubomi obude kunye nezinye iingenelo. Ububanzi bepayipi bukhulu ngobukhulu obunye kunobubanzi obuqhelekileyo, kwaye ububanzi bepayipi bahlulwe ngokukodwa kwi-DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN63, DN75, DN90, DN110. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo zepayipi, ii-tee, iingqiniba, ii-clamp zepayipi, ii-reducers, ii-plug zepayipi, ii-clamp zepayipi, ii-brackets, ii-hangers. Kukho iipayipi zamanzi abandayo kunye nashushu, ipayipi yamanzi abandayo yityhubhu eluhlaza, kwaye ipayipi yamanzi ashushu yityhubhu ebomvu. Iivalvu ziquka iivalvu zebhola ze-PPR, iivalvu zeglobe, iivalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zesango, kunye nezo zinezixhobo ze-PPR kunye nesiseko sobhedu ngaphakathi.

(2) Iindlela zokudibanisa umbhobho ziquka ukuwelda, ukunyibilika okushushu kunye nokudibanisa okunemisonto. Umbhobho we-PPR usebenzisa uqhagamshelo olushushu olunyibilikayo ukuze lube lolona luthembekileyo, kulula ukulusebenzisa, ukuqina komoya okuhle, kunye namandla aphezulu ojongano. Uqhagamshelo lombhobho lusebenzisa isixhobo sokudibanisa esiphathwa ngesandla sokudibanisa okushushu. Ngaphambi kokudibanisa, susa uthuli kunye nezinto zangaphandle kwimibhobho kunye nezixhobo. Xa isibane esibomvu somatshini sivuliwe kwaye sizinzile, lungelelanisa imibhobho (iziqwenga) eziza kudityaniswa. I-DN<50, ubunzulu bokunyibilika okushushu yi-1-2MM, kunye ne-DN<110, ubunzulu bokunyibilika okushushu yi-2-4MM. Xa udibanisa, beka isiphelo sombhobho ngaphandle kokujikeleza Faka kwijakethi yokufudumala ukuze ufikelele kubunzulu obumiselweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, tyhala izixhobo zombhobho entlokweni yokufudumala ngaphandle kokujikeleza ukuze ufudumale. Emva kokuba ixesha lokufuduma lifikile, susa ngoko nangoko imibhobho kunye nezixhobo zombhobho kwijakethi yokufudumala kunye nentloko yokufudumala ngaxeshanye, kwaye uzifake kubunzulu obufunekayo ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo ngaphandle kokujikeleza. I-flange efanayo yenziwe kwindawo edibeneyo. Ngexesha lokufudumeza elichaziweyo, ijoyinti entsha edityanisiweyo inokulinganiswa, kodwa ukujikeleza akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Xa ufudumeza imibhobho kunye nezixhobo, thintela ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo kwaye wenze ubukhulu bube buncinci. Umbhobho uphazamisekile kwi-fitting yepayipi. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukujikeleza ngexesha lokufakelwa kwe-melt eshushu kunye nokulinganiswa. Akufanele kubekho ilangabi elivulekileyo kwindawo yokusebenza, kwaye akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukubhaka umbhobho ngelangatye elivulekileyo. Xa ulungelelanisa umbhobho oshushu kunye nezixhobo ngokuthe nkqo, sebenzisa amandla okukhanya ukuthintela ingqiniba ekugobeni. Emva kokuba uqhagamshelo lugqityiwe, imibhobho kunye nezixhobo kufuneka zibanjwe ngokuqinileyo ukuze kugcinwe ixesha elaneleyo lokupholisa, kwaye izandla zinokukhululwa emva kokupholisa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Xa umbhobho we-PP-R uqhagamshelwe kwi-fitting yepayipi yesinyithi, umbhobho we-PP-R one-insert yesinyithi kufuneka usetyenziswe njengenguqu. I-fitting yepayipi kunye nombhobho we-PP-R ziqhagamshelwe nge-hot-melt socket kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kwi-fitting yepayipi yesinyithi okanye izixhobo zehardware ze-sanitary ware. Xa usebenzisa uqhagamshelo olunemisonto, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa iteyiphu yezinto eziluhlaza ze-polypropylene njengesizalisi sokutywina. Ukuba ipompo iqhagamshelwe kwidama lokumopha, faka ingqiniba yebhinqa (efakwe imisonto ngaphakathi) ekupheleni kombhobho we-PPR kuyo. Musa ukusebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka umbhobho, ukuze ungonakalisi izixhobo ezinemisonto kwaye ubangele ukuvuza ekuqhagamshelweni. Ukusikwa kombhobho kunokusikwa ngemibhobho ekhethekileyo: ibhayonet yesikere sombhobho kufuneka ilungiswe ukuze ifane nobubanzi bombhobho osikiweyo, kwaye amandla kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokulinganayo xa kujikeleziswa naxa kusikwa. Emva kokusikwa, ukwaphuka kufuneka kujikelezwe ngesangqa esihambelanayo. Xa umbhobho uphukile, icandelo kufuneka lithe nkqo kwi-axis yombhobho ngaphandle kwe-burrs.

Umbhobho wePolyvinyl Chloride oqinileyo (I-UPVC)

(1) Iipayipi ze-UPVC (iziqwenga) zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha amanzi. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obulula, ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla aphezulu, njl.njl., isetyenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kweepayipi. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ubomi benkonzo ngokubanzi bufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50. Ipayipi ye-UPVC inodonga lwangaphakathi olugudileyo kunye nokumelana nokungqubana kolwelo oluphantsi, okunqoba isiphene sokuba ipayipi yesinyithi esityhidiweyo ichaphazela isantya sokuhamba ngenxa yokugqwala kunye nokukhula. Ububanzi bepayipi bukwabukhulu obunye kunobubanzi obuqhelekileyo.Izixhobo zombhobhozahlulwe ngee-oblique tees, ii-cross, ii-elbow, ii-pipe clamps, ii-reducers, ii-pipe plugs, ii-traps, ii-pipe clamps, kunye nee-hangers.

(2) Khupha iglu ukuze uqhagamshele. Iglu kufuneka ishukunyiswe ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Iipayipi kunye neendawo zesokethi mazicocwe. Okukhona umsantsa wesokethi uncinci, kokukhona kungcono. Sebenzisa ilaphu le-emery okanye i-saw blade ukuze uqokelele umphezulu wejoyinti. Hlikihla iglu kancinci ngaphakathi kwesokethi uze ufake iglu kabini ngaphandle kwesokethi. Linda iglu yome kangangemizuzu engama-40-60. Emva kokuyifaka endaweni yayo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukonyusa okanye ukunciphisa ixesha lokomisa iglu ngokuhambelana notshintsho lwemozulu. Amanzi awavumelekanga ngokungqongqo ngexesha lokubopha. Ipayipi kufuneka ibekwe ngokuthe tyaba emseleni emva kokuba ibekwe endaweni yayo. Emva kokuba ijoyinti yomile, qala ukuzalisa i-backfilling. Xa uzalisa i-backfilling, zalisa umjikelezo wepayipi ngokuqinileyo ngesanti kwaye ushiye indawo edibeneyo izaliswe ngobuninzi. Sebenzisa iimveliso ezivela kumenzi ofanayo. Xa uqhagamshela ipayipi ye-UPVC kumbhobho wentsimbi, ijoyinti yombhobho wentsimbi kufuneka icocwe kwaye incamathiselwe, umbhobho we-UPVC ufudunyezwe ukuze uthambe (kodwa ungatshi), uze ufake kumbhobho wentsimbi uze upholiswe. Kungcono ukongeza i-clamp yombhobho. Ukuba umbhobho wonakele kwindawo enkulu kwaye kufuneka utshintshe umbhobho wonke, isixhumi esineesokhethi ezimbini singasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha umbhobho. Indlela yokunyibilikisa ingasetyenziselwa ukujongana nokuvuza kwe-solvent bonding. Ngeli xesha, khupha amanzi kumbhobho kuqala, uze wenze umbhobho wenze uxinzelelo olubi, uze ufake i-glue kwi-pores yenxalenye evuzayo. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo olubi kumbhobho, i-glue iya kutsalwa kwii-pores ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokunqanda ukuvuza. Indlela yokutywina i-patch ijolise kakhulu ekuvuthweni kwemingxunya emincinci kunye namalungu kwimibhobho. Ngeli xesha, khetha imibhobho ende eyi-15-20cm ye-caliber efanayo, uyinqumle ngobude, uqoqe umphezulu wangaphakathi we-casing kunye nomphezulu wangaphandle wombhobho oza kupeyintwa ngokwendlela yokutywina, kwaye ugqume indawo evuzayo ngeglue. Indlela yefayibha yeglasi kukulungiselela isisombululo se-resin nge-epoxy resin kunye ne-ejenti yokupholisa. Emva kokufunxa isisombululo se-resin ngelaphu lefayibha yeglasi, ibotshelelwa ngokulinganayo kumphezulu wenxalenye evuzayo yombhobho okanye ijoyinti, kwaye ibe yi-FRP emva kokucocwa. Ngenxa yokuba le ndlela inolwakhiwo olulula, iteknoloji elula ukuyisebenzisa, isiphumo esihle sokudibanisa kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, inexabiso eliphezulu lokukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa ekunqandeni ukuvuza nokuvuza.