I-Taboo 1

Ivalvu ayifakwanga kakuhle.

Umzekelo, indlela amanzi (umphunga) ahamba ngayo kwivalvu yokumisa okanye kwivalvu yokukhangela ichasene nophawu, kwaye isiqu sevalvu sifakwa ezantsi. Ivalvu yokukhangela efakwe ngokuthe tye ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo. Isiphatho sevalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo okanye kwivalvu yebhabhathane asinasithuba sokuvula nokuvala. Isiqu sevalvu efihliweyo sifakwa. Asikho ngasemnyango wokuhlola.

Iziphumo: Ivalvu iyasilela, iswitshi kunzima ukuyilungisa, kwaye isiqu sevalvu sijonge ezantsi, nto leyo edla ngokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.

Imilinganiselo: Faka ngokungqongqo ngokwemiyalelo yokufakela ivalvu.iivalvu zesango elinyukayo, shiya ubude obaneleyo bokuvula isiqu sevalvu.iivalvu zebhabhathane, qwalasela ngokupheleleyo indawo yokujikeleza kwesibambo. Iziqu ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu azinakuba ngaphantsi kwendawo ethe tye, ingasathethwa ke ngokuhla. Iivalvu ezifihliweyo akufuneki zixhotyiswe ngocango lokuhlola oluhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvula nokuvala iivalvu, kodwa nesiqu sevalvu kufuneka sijonge emnyango wokuhlola.

I-Taboo 2

Iinkcukacha kunye neemodeli zeevalvu ezifakiweyo azihlangabezani neemfuno zoyilo.

Umzekelo, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwevalvu lungaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo; iivalvu zesango zisetyenziswa xa ububanzi bombhobho wombhobho wamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm; iivalvu zokumisa zisetyenziselwa imibhobho eyomileyo neyemibhobho yokufudumeza amanzi ashushu; iivalvu zebhabhathane zisetyenziselwa imibhobho yokufunxa ipompo yamanzi yomlilo.

Iziphumo: Zichaphazela ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu okuqhelekileyo kunye nokulawula ukuxhathisa, uxinzelelo kunye neminye imisebenzi. Zinokubangela ukuba ivalvu yonakale kwaye kufuneka ilungiswe ngelixa inkqubo isebenza.

Amanyathelo: Ziqhelanise noluhlu lwezicelo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu, kwaye ukhethe iinkcukacha zeevalvu kunye neemodeli ngokweemfuno zoyilo. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwevalvu kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zoxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo. Ngokweemfuno zeenkcukacha zokwakha: xa ububanzi bombhobho wamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ivalvu yokumisa; xa ububanzi bombhobho bungaphezulu kwe-50mm, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ivalvu yesango. Iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziselwe iivalvu zokulawula ezomileyo nezishushu zokufudumeza amanzi ashushu, kwaye iivalvu zebhabhathane akufuneki zisetyenziselwe iipayipi zokufunxa amanzi omlilo.

I-Taboo 3

Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza uhlolo lomgangatho olufunekayo njengoko kufuneka ngaphambi kokufakwa kwevalvu.

Iziphumo: Ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo, iiswitshi zeevalvu aziguquguquki, zivalwe kakuhle kwaye kuvuza amanzi (umphunga), nto leyo ebangela ukulungiswa kwakhona, kwaye ichaphazela nomthombo wamanzi oqhelekileyo (umphunga).

Amanyathelo: Ngaphambi kokufaka ivalvu, kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo kunye nokuqina. Uvavanyo kufuneka luhlolwe ngokungacwangciswanga i-10% yebhetshi nganye (uphawu olufanayo, iinkcukacha ezifanayo, imodeli efanayo), kwaye kungabi ngaphantsi kweyodwa. Kwiivalvu zesekethe evaliweyo ezifakwe kwimibhobho ephambili enomsebenzi wokusika, uvavanyo lwamandla kunye nokuqina kufuneka lwenziwe nganye nganye. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwamandla kunye nokuqina kwevalvu kufuneka luhambelane "neKhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woLwakhiwo lweeProjekthi zaManzi oLwakhiwo, zoMjelo woMbane kunye nokuFudumeza" (GB 50242-2002).

I-Taboo 4

Izixhobo eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni azinawo amaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye izatifikethi zemveliso ezihambelana nemigangatho yangoku yesizwe okanye yomphathiswa.

Iziphumo: Umgangatho weprojekthi awuchanekanga, kukho iingozi ezifihlakeleyo zeengozi, ayinakufikelelwa ngexesha, kwaye kufuneka iphinde ilungiswe; okubangela ukulibaziseka kwixesha lokwakha kunye nokwanda kotyalo-mali kubasebenzi nakwizinto zokwakha.

Amanyathelo: Izixhobo eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziswa kubonelelo lwamanzi, imibhobho yamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko kufuneka zibe namaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye izatifikethi zemveliso ezihambelana nemigangatho yangoku ekhutshwe lilizwe okanye lisebe; amagama emveliso yazo, iimodeli, iinkcukacha, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho wesizwe kufuneka ziphawulwe. Inombolo yekhowudi, umhla wokwenziwa, igama lomenzi kunye nendawo, isatifiketi sokuhlolwa kwemveliso yomzi-mveliso okanye inombolo yekhowudi.

I-Taboo 5

Ukutshintsha ivalvu

Iziphumo:Iivalvu zokujonga, iivalvu zokuhambisa umoya, iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iivalvu zokujongakwaye ezinye iivalvu zonke zibhekiselele kwicala. Ukuba zifakwe zijonge ezantsi, ivalvu yokuqhobosha iya kuchaphazela isiphumo sokusebenzisa kunye nobomi bayo; ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ayizukusebenza konke konke, kwaye ivalvu yokujonga ayizukusebenza konke konke. Inokuba yingozi.

Imilinganiselo: Ngokubanzi, iivalvu zineempawu zendlela emzimbeni wevalvu; ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka zichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokusebenza wevalvu. Umngxuma wevalvu yokumisa awulingani ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, kwaye ulwelo kufuneka ludlule kwizibuko levalvu ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Ngale ndlela, ukumelana nolwelo kuncinci (kumiselwa yimo), kwaye kusindisa abasebenzi ukuvula (kuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi luphezulu). Emva kokuvala, i-medium ayicinezeli ukupakisha, nto leyo elula ukuyilungisa. . Yingakho ivalvu yokumisa ingenakufakwa ngasemva. Musa ukufaka ivalvu yesango ijonge ezantsi (oko kukuthi, ivili lesandla lijonge ezantsi), kungenjalo i-medium iya kuhlala kwindawo yokugubungela ivalvu ixesha elide, nto leyo eya kuyimosha ngokulula isiqu sevalvu, kwaye iyachaswa ziimfuno ezithile zenkqubo. Akulula kakhulu ukutshintsha ukupakisha ngaxeshanye. Musa ukufaka iivalvu zesango le-stem ezinyukayo phantsi komhlaba, kungenjalo isiqu esiveziweyo siya kubola bumswakama. Xa ufaka ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakanyiswa, qiniseka ukuba idiski yayo yevalvu imile ukuze ikwazi ukuphakamisa ngokulula. Xa ufaka ivalvu yokujonga ukujika, qiniseka ukuba iphini yayo ilungelelene ukuze ijijeke ngokulula. Ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka ifakwe ime nkqo kumbhobho othe tye kwaye akufuneki ijijeke nangayiphi na indlela.

I-Taboo 6

Ivalvu ephathwa ngesandla ivula kwaye ivala ngamandla agqithisileyo

Iziphumo: Ivalvu inokonakala ubuncinane, okanye ingozi yokhuseleko ingenzeka kakhulu.

Amanyathelo: Ivalvu yesandla, ivili layo lesandla okanye isiphatho, yenzelwe ngokwabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla omphezulu wokuvala kunye namandla okuvala afunekayo. Ke ngoko, iilever ezinde okanye iiwren ezinde azinakusetyenziswa ukuhambisa ibhodi. Abanye abantu baqhele ukusebenzisa iiwren, ngoko ke kufuneka balumke bangasebenzisi amandla amaninzi, kungenjalo kulula ukonakalisa umphezulu wokuvala okanye ukwaphula ivili lesandla okanye isiphatho. Ukuvula nokuvala ivalvu, amandla kufuneka ahlale eqinile kwaye angabi nampembelelo. Ezinye izinto zeevalvu ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezichaphazela ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ziye zacinga ukuba la mandla okuvala akanakulingana nalawo eevalvu eziqhelekileyo. Kwiivalvu zomphunga, kufuneka zitshiswe kwaye amanzi ancitshisiweyo kufuneka asuswe ngaphambi kokuvulwa. Xa zivulwa, kufuneka zivulwe kancinci kangangoko ukuze kuthintelwe ihamile yamanzi. Xa ivalvu ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo, ivili lesandla kufuneka lijikwe kancinci ukuze imisonto iqine ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhululeka nokonakala. Kwiivalvu zesiqu eziphakamayo, khumbula iindawo zesiqu sevalvu xa zivuliwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukubetheka embindini ofileyo ophezulu xa zivuliwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kulula ukujonga ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo na xa zivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba isiqu sevalvu siyawa, okanye inkunkuma enkulu ifakiwe phakathi kwezitywino zevalvu, indawo yesiqu sevalvu iya kutshintsha xa ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Xa umbhobho usetyenziswa okokuqala, kukho ukungcola okuninzi ngaphakathi. Ungayivula kancinci ivalvu, usebenzise ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwesixhobo ukuyihlamba, uze uyivale kancinci (ungayivali ngokukhawuleza okanye uyitshixe ukuze uthintele ukungcola okushiyekileyo ekucinezeleni umphezulu wokuvala). Yivule kwakhona, phinda oku amaxesha amaninzi, uhlambe ukungcola, uze ubuyele emsebenzini oqhelekileyo. Kwiivalvu ezihlala zivula, kunokubakho ukungcola okunamathele kumphezulu wokuvala. Xa uvala, sebenzisa le ndlela ingasentla ukuyicoca, uze uyivale ngokusemthethweni. Ukuba ivili lesandla okanye isiphatho sonakele okanye silahlekile, kufuneka sitshintshwe ngoko nangoko. Musa ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokujika ukuze usitshintshe, ukuze uphephe umonakalo kumacala omane esiqu sevalvu, ukusilela ukuvula nokuvala ngokufanelekileyo, kwanengozi eyenzeka kwimveliso. Ezinye izixhobo ziya kuphola emva kokuba ivalvu ivaliwe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iindawo zevalvu zinciphe. Umsebenzisi kufuneka ayivale kwakhona ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze angashiyi mingxunya kumphezulu wokuvala. Ngaphandle koko, i-medium iya kuhamba ngezithuba ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye itshabalalise ngokulula umphezulu wokutywina. . Ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umsebenzi unzima kakhulu, kufuneka uhlalutye izizathu. Ukuba ukupakisha kuqinile kakhulu, kukhulule ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba isiqu sevalvu sigobile, yazisa abasebenzi ukuba basilungise. Xa ezinye iivalvu zikwimeko yokuvalwa, iindawo zokuvala ziyafudunyezwa kwaye ziyanda, okwenza kube nzima ukuvula; ukuba kufuneka ivulwe ngeli xesha, khulula umsonto wesiciko sevalvu ngesiqingatha sejika ukuya kumjikelo omnye ukuze ususe uxinzelelo kwisiqu sevalvu, uze ujike ivili lesandla.

I-Taboo 7

Ukufakelwa kweevalvu ngendlela engafanelekanga kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu

Iziphumo: ezibangela iingozi zokuvuza

Imilinganiselo: Iivalvu ezinobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezulu kwama-200°C zikwiqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo xa zifakelwe, kodwa emva kokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, ubushushu buyanyuka, iibholiti ziyanda ngenxa yobushushu, kwaye izithuba ziyanda, ngoko ke kufuneka ziqiniswe kwakhona, okubizwa ngokuba "kukuqinisa ubushushu". Abaqhubi kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kulo msebenzi, kungenjalo ukuvuza kunokubakho ngokulula.

I-Taboo 8

Ukungaphumeleli ukukhuculula amanzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo xa kubanda

Amanyathelo: Xa imozulu ibanda kwaye ivalvu yamanzi ivaliwe ixesha elide, amanzi aqokelelene emva kwevalvu kufuneka asuswe. Emva kokuba ivalvu yomphunga iyeke umphunga, amanzi aqunyiweyo kufuneka asuswe. Kukho iplagi ezantsi kwevalvu, enokuvulwa ukuze kukhutshwe amanzi.

I-Taboo 9

Ivalvu engeyiyo yesinyithi, amandla okuvula nokuvala makhulu kakhulu

Imilinganiselo: Ezinye iivalvu ezingezizo ezesinyithi ziqinile kwaye ziyaphuka, kwaye ezinye zinamandla amancinci. Xa zisebenza, amandla okuvula nokuvala akufuneki abe makhulu kakhulu, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa amandla. Kwakhona qaphela ukuze ungangqubani nezinto.

I-Taboo 10

Ukupakisha ivalvu entsha kuxinene kakhulu

Amanyathelo: Xa usebenzisa ivalvu entsha, musa ukuyicinezela kakhulu into yokuyipakisha ukuze uphephe ukuvuza, ukuze uphephe uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwisiqu sevalvu, ukuguguleka okukhawulezileyo, kunye nobunzima bokuvula nokuvala. Umgangatho wofakelo lwevalvu uchaphazela ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngenyameko kwicala nendawo yevalvu, imisebenzi yokwakha iivalvu, izixhobo zokukhusela iivalvu, i-bypass kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokutshintshwa kwevalvu yokupakishwa.