Taboo 1

Ivalve ifakwe ngokungalunganga.

Umzekelo, indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi (umphunga) wevalve yokumisa okanye ivalve yokukhangela ichasene nophawu, kwaye isiqu sevalve sifakwe ezantsi. Ivalve yokujonga efakwe ngokuthe tye ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo. Umqheba wevalve yesango elinyukayo okanye ivalve yebhabhathane ayinandawo yokuvula nokuvala. Isiqu sevalve efihliweyo sifakwe. Hayi ngasemnyango wokuhlola.

Iziphumo: Ivalve ayisebenzi, iswitshi kunzima ukuyilungisa, kwaye nesiqu sevalve sijonge ezantsi, nto leyo edla ngokubangela ukuvuza kwamanzi.

Imilinganiselo: Faka ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokufakela ivalve. Kubaiivalvu zesango ezinyukayo, shiya umphakamo wokuvula okwaneleyo kwesikhondo sevalve. Kubaiivalve butterfly, qwalasela ngokupheleleyo indawo yokujikeleza komqheba. Izikhondo zevalve ezahlukeneyo azinakuba ngaphantsi kunendawo ethe tye, singasathethi ke ngokuhla. Iivalve ezifihliweyo akufuneki zixhotyiswe kuphela ngomnyango wokuhlola ohlangabezana neemfuno zokuvula nokuvala, kodwa nesiqu sevalve kufuneka sijonge kumnyango wokuhlola.

Taboo 2

Inkcazo kunye neemodeli zeevalve ezifakweyo azihambelani neemfuno zokuyila.

Ngokomzekelo, uxinzelelo lwe-valve lungaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo; iivalve zesango zisetyenziswa xa ububanzi bombhobho wombhobho wesebe lonikezelo lwamanzi lungaphantsi okanye lulingana ne-50mm; iivalve zokumisa zisetyenziselwa imibhobho eyomileyo kunye ne-standpipe yokufudumeza amanzi ashushu; Izivalo zebhabhathane zisetyenziselwa imibhobho yokufunxa impompo yamanzi omlilo.

Iziphumo: Ukuchaphazela ukuvulwa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuvalwa kwevalve kunye nokulawula ukuchasana, uxinzelelo kunye neminye imisebenzi. Isenokubangela ukuba ivalve yonakaliswe kwaye kufuneka ilungiswe ngelixa isistim isebenza.

Imilinganiselo: Ziqhelanise noluhlu lwesicelo seentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu, kwaye ukhethe ukucaciswa kwevalve kunye neemodeli ngokweemfuno zoyilo. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwevalvu kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zoxinzelelo lwenkqubo yovavanyo. Ngokweemfuno zeenkcukacha zokwakha: xa ububanzi bombhobho wesebe lonikezelo lwamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm, i-valve yokumisa kufuneka isetyenziswe; xa ububanzi bombhobho bukhulu kune-50mm, i-valve yesango kufuneka isetyenziswe. Iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukufudumeza amanzi ashushu ezomileyo nezithe nkqo zokulawula iivalvu, kwaye iivalvu zebhabhathane akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwimibhobho yokufunxa impompo yamanzi omlilo.

Taboo 3

Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza uhlolo oluyimfuneko lomgangatho njengoko kufuneka phambi kofakelo lwevalvu.

Iziphumo: Ngethuba lokusebenza kwenkqubo, iinguqu ze-valve aziguquki, zivaliwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye amanzi (umphunga) avuza, abangele ukuphinda asebenze kunye nokulungiswa, kwaye achaphazela ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okuqhelekileyo (umphunga).

Imilinganiselo: Ngaphambi kokufaka ivalve, amandla oxinzelelo kunye novavanyo lokuqina kufuneka lwenziwe. Uvavanyo kufuneka lutshekishe ngokungenamkhethe i-10% yebhetshi nganye (uphawu olufanayo, ukucaciswa okufanayo, imodeli efanayo), kwaye akukho ngaphantsi kwesinye. Iivalve ezivaliweyo ezifakwe kwiipayipi eziphambili kunye nomsebenzi wokusika, iimvavanyo zamandla kunye nokuqina kufuneka zenziwe nganye nganye. Amandla e-valve kunye noxinzelelo lovavanyo lokuqina kufuneka luhambelane "neKhowudi yoKwamkeleka koMgangatho woKwakha woNikezelo lwaManzi oKwakha, uGutyulo kunye neeProjekthi zokufudumeza" (GB 50242-2002).

Taboo 4

Ezona zixhobo ziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo azinawo amaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye izatifikethi zemveliso ezihambelana nemigangatho yangoku yesizwe okanye yomphathiswa.

Iziphumo: Umgangatho weprojekthi awufanelekanga, kukho iingozi ezifihliweyo zeengozi, azikwazi ukuhanjiswa ngexesha, kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe kwaye zilungiswe; okukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kwixesha lokwakha kunye nokwanda kotyalo-mali kubasebenzi nakwimathiriyeli.

Amanyathelo: Izinto eziphambili, izixhobo kunye neemveliso ezisetyenziselwa unikezelo lwamanzi, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko kufuneka zibe namaxwebhu omgangatho wobugcisa okanye iziqinisekiso zemveliso ezihambelana nemigangatho ekhoyo ekhutshwe ngurhulumente okanye ubulungiseleli; amagama emveliso yabo, iimodeli, iinkcukacha, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho wesizwe kufuneka imakishwe. Inombolo yekhowudi, umhla wokwenziwa kwayo, igama lomenzi kunye nendawo, isatifikethi sokuhlolwa kwemveliso yefektri okanye inombolo yekhowudi.

Taboo 5

Ivalve-flip-up

Iziphumo:Khangela iivalve, iivalve ze-throttle, iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iivalve zokujongakunye nezinye iivalvu zonke ziya kwicala. Ukuba ifakwe phezulu, i-valve ye-throttle iya kuchaphazela umphumo wokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi; ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ayiyi kusebenza kwaphela, kwaye ivalve yokukhangela ayiyi kusebenza kwaphela. Isenokude ibe yingozi.

Imilinganiselo: Ngokubanzi, iivalvu zineempawu zendlela kumzimba wevalvu; ukuba akunjalo, kufuneka zichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kumgaqo wokusebenza wevalve. Umngxuma wevalve wevalvu yokumisa awulingani ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene, kwaye ulwelo kufuneka ludlule kwizibuko levalve ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Ngale ndlela, ukuxhathisa ulwelo kuncinci (kumiselwe yimilo), kwaye kukugcina umsebenzi ukuvula (kuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi luphezulu). Emva kokuvala, i-medium ayicinezeli ukupakisha, okulungele ukugcinwa. . Yingakho i-valve yokumisa ayikwazi ukufakwa umva. Musa ukufaka ivalve yesango ijonge phantsi (oko kukuthi, ivili lesandla lijonge ezantsi), kungenjalo i-medium iya kuhlala kwisithuba sokugquma ivalve ixesha elide, eliya kurhwebesha ngokulula isikhondo sevalve, kwaye ichasene neemfuno ezithile zenkqubo. . Kunzima kakhulu ukubuyisela ukupakisha ngaxeshanye. Musa ukufaka iivalvu zesango elinyukayo ngaphantsi komhlaba, kungenjalo isikhondo esivelileyo siya kutyiwa kukufuma. Xa ufaka i-valve yokukhangela i-lift, qinisekisa ukuba i-disc yevalve yayo ime nkqo ukuze ikwazi ukuphakama ngokuguquguqukayo. Xa ufaka ivalve yokujonga i-swing, qinisekisa ukuba iphini layo likwinqanaba ukuze likwazi ukujinga ngokuguquguqukayo. Ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe tye kumbhobho othe tyaba kwaye akufanele ithotywe kuyo nayiphi na indlela.

Taboo 6

Ivalve yezandla ivula kwaye ivale ngamandla agqithisileyo

Iziphumo: Ivalve ingonakala ubuncinci, okanye ingozi yokhuseleko inokwenzeka kakhulu.

Imilinganiselo: I-valve ye-manual, i-handwheel okanye i-handle yayo, yenzelwe ngokuhambelana nabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla omgangatho wokutywina kunye namandla okuvala ayimfuneko. Ngoko ke, iilever ezide okanye iintambo ezide azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuhambisa ibhodi. Abanye abantu bajwayele ukusebenzisa ii-wrenches, ngoko kufuneka baqaphele ukuba bangasebenzisi amandla amaninzi, ngaphandle koko kulula ukulimaza indawo yokutywina okanye ukuphula ivili lesandla okanye ukubamba. Ukuvula nokuvala i-valve, amandla kufuneka ahlale kwaye angabi nampembelelo. Ezinye iinxalenye zeevalvu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezinefuthe ekuvulekeni nasekuvaleni zithathele ingqalelo ukuba la mandla empembelelo akanakulingana nalawo eevalvu eziqhelekileyo. Kwiivalve ze-steam, kufuneka zifudunyezwe kwaye amanzi adibeneyo kufuneka asuswe ngaphambi kokuvula. Xa zivula, kufuneka zivulwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ihamile yamanzi. Xa ivalve ivuleke ngokupheleleyo, ivili lesandla kufuneka lijikwe kancinci ukwenza imisonto iqine ukuphepha ukukhulula kunye nomonakalo. Kwiivalvu zesikhondo ezinyukayo, khumbula ukuma kwesikhondo sevalve xa ivuleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela ukubetha kumbindi ongaphezulu ofileyo xa ivuleke ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kulungele ukujonga ukuba iyinto eqhelekileyo xa ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba isiqu sevalve siyawa, okanye inkunkuma enkulu ifakwe phakathi kwezitywina ezingundoqo zevalve, indawo yevalve yesikhondo iya kutshintsha xa ivalwe ngokupheleleyo. Xa umbhobho usetyenziswa okokuqala, kukho ukungcola okuninzi ngaphakathi. Ungayivula kancinane ivalve, sebenzisa isantya esiphezulu sokuhamba kwesiphakathi ukuyihlamba, emva koko uyivale ngobunono (musa ukuyivala ngokukhawuleza okanye uyibethele ukuze uthintele ukungcola okushiyekileyo ekucinezeleni indawo yokutywina). Yivule kwakhona, phinda oku amaxesha amaninzi, susela kude ukungcola, uze ubuyele kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo. Kwiivalvu eziqhelekileyo ezivulekileyo, kusenokubakho ubumdaka obuncanyatheliswe kumphezulu wokutywina. Xa uvala, sebenzisa le ndlela ingasentla ukuyigungxula icoceke, kwaye emva koko uyivale ngokuqinileyo ngokusemthethweni. Ukuba ivili lesandla okanye isiphatho sonakalisiwe okanye silahlekile, kufuneka sitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukusebenzisa i-wrench yokujingisa ukuyibuyisela endaweni yayo, ukuze ugweme umonakalo kumacala amane e-valve stem, ukusilela ukuvula nokuvala ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nengozi kwimveliso. Ezinye imidiya ziya kuphola emva kokuba ivalve ivaliwe, okubangela ukuba iindawo zevalve ziyancipha. Umsebenzisi kufuneka ayivale kwakhona ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze ashiye kungabikho zintanda kumphezulu wokutywina. Ngaphandle koko, i-medium iya kuhamba ngee-slits ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye ikhuphe ngokulula indawo yokutywina. . Ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umsebenzi unzima kakhulu, kufuneka uhlalutye izizathu. Ukuba ukupakisha kuqinile kakhulu, yikhulule ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba isiqu sevalve sigobile, yazisa abasebenzi ukuba basilungise. Xa ezinye iivalve zikwisimo esivaliweyo, iindawo zokuvala zifudumala kwaye zanda, okwenza kube nzima ukuvula; ukuba kufuneka ivulwe ngeli xesha, khulula intambo yesigqubuthelo sevalve isiqingatha ukujika ukuya kwelinye ukuphelisa uxinzelelo kwisiqu sevalve, kwaye emva koko ujike ivili lesandla.

Taboo 7

Ukufakwa okungafanelekanga kweevalve kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa

Iziphumo: ukubangela iingozi zokuvuza

Amanyathelo: Iivalve eziphezulu zokushisa ezingaphezulu kwe-200 ° C zikwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo xa zifakwe, kodwa emva kokusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, iqondo lokushisa liyanyuka, iibholiti zanda ngenxa yobushushu, kwaye izikhewu zanda, ngoko kufuneka ziqiniswe kwakhona, ezibizwa ngokuba "ubushushu". ukuqinisa”. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kulo msebenzi, kungenjalo ukuvuza kunokwenzeka ngokulula.

Taboo 8

Ukungaphumeleli ukukhupha amanzi ngexesha kwimozulu ebandayo

Imilinganiselo: Xa imozulu ibanda kwaye ivalve yamanzi ivaliwe ixesha elide, amanzi aqokelelwe emva kwevalve kufuneka asuswe. Emva kokuba ivalve yomphunga iyeke umphunga, amanzi ajijekileyo kufuneka nawo asuswe. Kukho iplagi emazantsi evalve, enokuvulwa ukuze ikhuphe amanzi.

Taboo 9

Ivalve engeyiyo intsimbi, amandla okuvula kunye nokuvala mkhulu kakhulu

Amanyathelo: Ezinye iivalvu ezingezizo ezentsimbi ziqinile kwaye ziyaphuka, kwaye ezinye zinamandla aphantsi. Xa usebenza, amandla okuvula kunye nokuvala akufanele abe mkhulu kakhulu, ngakumbi kungekhona ngamandla. Qaphela kwakhona ukuphepha ukungqubana nezinto.

Taboo 10

Ukupakishwa kwevalve entsha kuxinene kakhulu

Imilinganiselo: Xa usebenzisa ivalve entsha, musa ukucinezela ukupakisha kakhulu ukuze ugweme ukuvuza, ukuze ugweme uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwisiqu sevalve, ukuguga okukhawulezileyo, kunye nobunzima bokuvula nokuvala. Umgangatho wofakelo lwevalvu luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, ngoko ke ingqwalasela engqongqo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwicala kunye nendawo yevalvu, imisebenzi yokwakha ivalve, izixhobo zokukhusela ivalve, i-bypass kunye ne-instrumentation, kunye nokutshintshwa kwevalve yokupakisha.