Taboo 1

Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwebusika, iimvavanyo zoxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic ziqhutywa kumaqondo okushisa angalunganga.

Iziphumo: Ngenxa yokuba umbhobho ukhawuleza uqhwale ngexesha lovavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, umbhobho uyanqanda.

Amanyathelo: Zama ukwenza uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic ngaphambi kofakelo lwasebusika, kwaye uvuthele amanzi emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo. Ngokukodwa, amanzi kwivalve kufuneka acocwe ngokupheleleyo, kungenjalo ivalve iya kugqwala ngokugqwesileyo okanye ikhenkce kwaye iqhekeke kakhulu.

Xa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi lweprojekthi kufuneka luqhutywe ebusika, ukushisa kwangaphakathi kufuneka kugcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa elihle, kwaye amanzi kufuneka aqhutywe emva kovavanyo loxinzelelo.

Taboo 2

Ukuba isixokelelwano sombhobho asigungxulwa ngononophelo phambi kokuba sigqitywe, umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela kunye nesantya asinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugungxulwa kwemibhobho. Nokuba ukugungxulwa kwamanzi kutshintshwa kukukhupha amanzi okuvavanya amandla.

Iziphumo: Umgangatho wamanzi awufikeleli kwiimfuno zokusebenza zenkqubo yemibhobho, ehlala ikhokelela ekunciphiseni okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho enqumlayo.

Amanyathelo: Sebenzisa ubuninzi beqondo lokuqukuqela kwejusi kwisixokelelwano okanye isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi esingekho ngaphantsi kwe-3m/s xa ugungxulwa. Umbala wamanzi okukhutshwa kunye nokungafihli kufuneka kuhambelane nombala kunye nokungafihlisi kwamanzi okungena ngokuhambelana nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo.

Taboo 3

Ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka, amanzi emvula kunye nemibhobho econdekileyo iya kufihlwa ngaphandle kokuvavanyelwa ukuvalwa kwamanzi.

Iziphumo: Ukuvuza kwamanzi kunokwenzeka kwaye ilahleko yabasebenzisi ingenzeka.

Amanyathelo: Umsebenzi wovavanyo lwamanzi avaliweyo kufuneka uhlolwe kwaye wamkelwe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha. Ugutyulo olufihliweyo, amanzi emvula, imibhobho yocondensate, njl.njl engcwatywe ngaphantsi komhlaba, kwiisilingi ezixhonyiweyo, phakathi kwemibhobho, njl.

Taboo 4

Ngexesha lovavanyo lwamandla e-hydraulic kunye novavanyo lokuqina kwenkqubo yombhobho, kuphela ixabiso loxinzelelo kunye notshintsho lwenqanaba lamanzi lubonwa, kwaye ukuhlolwa kokuvuza akwanelanga.

Iziphumo: Ukuvuza kwenzeka emva kokuba inkqubo yombhobho isebenza, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo.

Amanyathelo: Xa inkqubo yepayipi ivavanywa ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokuyila kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha, ngaphezu kokurekhoda ixabiso loxinzelelo okanye utshintsho lwezinga lamanzi ngexesha elichaziweyo, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukujonga ngokucophelela ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki yokuvuza.

Taboo 5

Ivalve yebhabhathaneukusetyenziswa kweflangei-valve flange eqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo: Ubungakanani beflange yevalve yebhabhathane yahlukile kuleyo yeflange yevalvu eqhelekileyo. Ezinye iiflange zine-diameter encinci yangaphakathi, ngelixa i-valve yebhabhathane ine-disc yevalve enkulu, ebangela ukuba ivalve ingaphumeleli ukuvula okanye ukuvula ngamandla, okwenza umonakalo kwivalve.

Imilinganiselo: Yenza ipleyiti yeflange ngokobukhulu becala levalve yebhabhathane.

Taboo 6

Akukho migodi egciniweyo kunye neengxenye ezifakwe ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokwakha, okanye imingxuma egciniweyo incinci kwaye iindawo ezidibeneyo aziphawulwanga.

Iziphumo: Ngethuba lokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zokufudumeza kunye nococeko, isakhiwo sesakhiwo sifakwe i-chiseled okanye nokuba imivalo yentsimbi enoxinzelelo iyasikwa, echaphazela ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo.

Amanyathelo: Ziqhelanise ngononophelo nemizobo yokwakha yeprojekthi yobunjineli bokufudumeza kunye nococeko, kunye nokusebenzisana ngokuqhubekayo kunye nesazela kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokwakha ukugcina imingxuma kunye neengxenye ezifakwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zofakelo lwemibhobho kunye nezixhaso kunye nokuxhoma. Ngokukodwa bhekisa kwiimfuno zoyilo kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha.

Taboo 7

Xa ukuwelda imibhobho, amalungu ashukumayo emibhobho emva kokutshatisa azikho kumgca ofanayo oseziko, akukho msantsa ushiywe ulungelelanisa, imibhobho enodonga olungqingqwa ayigungqiswanga, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld azihlangabezani neemfuno ze-weld. iinkcukacha zokwakha.

Iziphumo: Ukungahambi kakuhle kwamalungu ombhobho kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-welding kunye nomgangatho obonakalayo. Ukuba akukho msantsa phakathi kwamalungu, akukho beveling yemibhobho enodonga olungqingqwa, kwaye ububanzi kunye nokuphakama kwe-weld akuhlangabezani neemfuno, i-welding ayiyi kuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla.

Imilinganiselo: Emva kwe-welding ye-welding joints of the pipes, iipayipi akufanele zichaneke kwaye kufuneka zibe kumgca ophakathi; izithuba kufuneka zishiywe kwiindawo ezidibeneyo; imibhobho eneendonga ezishinyeneyo kufuneka ibhijelwe. Ukongezelela, ububanzi kunye nobude be-welding seam kufuneka bufakwe ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha.

Taboo 8

Imibhobho ingcwatywa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba onomkhenkce kunye nomhlaba ongacocwanga, kwaye izithuba nendawo zemibhobho yodonga ayifanelekanga, kwaye nezitena ezinekhowudi ezomileyo ziyasetyenziswa.

Iziphumo: Ngenxa yenkxaso engazinzanga, umbhobho wonakaliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokucofa umhlaba wokugalela ngasemva, okubangele kusetyenzwa kwakhona nokulungiswa.

Amanyathelo: Imibhobho akufuneki ingcwatywe kumhlaba onomkhenkce okanye kumhlaba ongalungiswanga. Isithuba phakathi kweebhuthi kufuneka sihambelane neemfuno zemigaqo yolwakhiwo. Iipads ezixhasayo kufuneka ziqine, ngakumbi i-interfaces yombhobho, akufanele ithwale i-shear force. Izinqe zezitena kufuneka zakhiwe ngodaka lwesamente ukuqinisekisa imfezeko nokuqina.

Taboo 9

Iibholiti zokwandisa ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa izixhaso zombhobho zizinto ezingaphantsi, imingxuma yokufaka iibholiti zokwandisa zikhulu kakhulu, okanye iibholiti zokwandisa zifakwe kwiindonga zezitena okanye kwiindonga ezilula.

Iziphumo: Iinkxaso zombhobho zikhululekile kwaye imibhobho ikhubazekile okanye iyawa.

Imilinganiselo: Iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe kwiibholithi zokwandisa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuthathwa kwesampulu kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe uvavanyo. Ububanzi bomngxuma wokufaka iibholiti zokwandisa akufanele kube mkhulu kunobubanzi bangaphandle beebholiti zokwandisa nge-2 mm. Iibholithi zokwandisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwizakhiwo eziphathekayo.

Taboo 10

I-flange kunye ne-gasket yokudibanisa kombhobho ayinamandla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye iibholiti zokudibanisa zifutshane okanye zincinci ububanzi. Imibhobho yokufudumeza isebenzisa iipads zerabha, imibhobho yamanzi abandayo isebenzisa iipads eziphindwe kabini okanye iibevel pads, kunyeiipads flange ziphuma kwimibhobho.

Iziphumo: Uqhagamshelo lweflange aluqinanga, okanye lonakele, lubangela ukuvuza. I-gasket ye-flange iphuma kumbhobho kwaye inyuse ukuchasana nokuhamba.

Imilinganiselo: Iiflange zemibhobho kunye neegaskets kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zoxinzelelo olusebenzayo loyilo lombhobho.

Iipads ze-asbestos zerabha kufuneka zisetyenziselwe i-flange linings yokufudumeza kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi ashushu; iipads zerabha kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwi-flange linings yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye nemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi.

I-gasket ye-flange mayingaphumeleli kumbhobho, kwaye isangqa saso sangaphandle kufuneka sifikelele kwi-flange bolt hole. Iipads ze-bevel okanye iipads ezininzi akufanele zibekwe embindini weflange. Ububanzi bebholiti edibanisa i-flange kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2 mm kune-diameter ye-flange plate hole. Ubude bentonga ye-bolt ephuma kwi-nut kufuneka ibe yi-1/2 yobukhulu be-nut.