Ukuqonda iiVavu zoLawulo lomphunga

Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-steam kunye nobushushu ngaxeshanye kwinqanaba elifunwa yimeko ethile yokusebenza, umphungaiivalvu ezilawulayozisetyenziswa. Ezi zicelo zihlala zinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lokungena kunye namaqondo obushushu, zombini kufuneka zehliswe kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukubumba kunye nokudibanisa ziinkqubo ezikhethiweyo zokwenziwa kweziivalveimizimba kuba banokugcina ngcono umthwalo womphunga kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. Iimathiriyeli ezibunjiweyo zivumela uxinzelelo olukhulu loyilo kunesamenteivalveimizimba, inolwakhiwo olungcono lwekristale, kwaye ibe nokungaguquguquki kwezinto ezingaphakathi.

Abavelisi banokubonelela ngokulula ngamabakala aphakathi ukuya kuthi ga kwiKlasi 4500 enkosi kubume bomgunyathi. Xa uxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu esezantsi okanye ivelufa engaphakathi iyafuneka, imizimba yevalve etyhidiweyo iselukhetho oluqinileyo.

Uhlobo lomzimba wevalve ehlanganisiweyo edityanisiweyo yenza ukuba kufakwe indawo yokuphuma eyandisiweyo ukulawula isantya somphunga wokuphuma kuxinzelelo oluphantsi ekuphenduleni ukuguquguquka okuthe rhoqo kweempawu zomphunga obangelwa kukuhla kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Ngokufanayo noku, abavelisi banokunika uqhagamshelo lokungena kunye nokuphumayo ngomlinganiselo woxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo ukuze ulungelelanise ngcono imibhobho ekufutshane ekuphenduleni kuxinzelelo olunciphileyo lokuphuma ngokusebenzisa umyinge odityanisiweyo wokulawula umphunga.

Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo, ukudibanisa imisebenzi yokupholisa kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwivalve enye kunezi nzuzo zilandelayo kwiiyunithi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:

1. Kungcono ukuxutywa kwamanzi okutshizwa ngenxa yokwandiswa kwendawo ye-decompression element.

2. Umlinganiselo ophuculweyo oguquguqukayo

3. Ufakelo kunye nokugcinwa kulula kuba yinxalenye yesixhobo.

Sinokunikezela ngeendidi zeevalvu zokulawula umphunga ukuzalisekisa iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa eqhelekileyo.

ivalve yokulawula umphunga

Ivalve elawula umphunga, equka eyona nto iphezulu yobushushu bomphunga kunye neteknoloji yokulawula uxinzelelo, idibanisa uxinzelelo lomphunga kunye nolawulo lobushushu kwiyunithi enye yolawulo. Ngamaxabiso akhulayo amandla kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza kwezityalo, ezi zivalo ziphendula imfuno yolawulo olungcono lomphunga. Ivalve yokulawula umphunga inokubonelela ngolawulo olukhulu lobushushu kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo kunesikhululo sokunciphisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomsebenzi ofanayo, kwaye ayinyanzelwanga kangako yimibhobho kunye neemfuno zofakelo.

Iivalvu zokulawula umphunga zinevalve enye elawula zombini uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu. Uyilo, uphuhliso, uphuculo lwentembeko yesakhiwo, kunye nokulungiswa kokusebenza kokusebenza kunye nokuxhomekeka ngokubanzi kweevalvu kufezekiswa kusetyenziswa iFinite Element Analysis (FEA) kunye neComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Ulwakhiwo olomeleleyo lwevalve yokulawula umphunga lubonisa ukuba inokumelana nokuhla konke koxinzelelo lomphunga oyintloko, kunye nendlela yokuhamba yokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ingxolo yevalve yokulawula kunceda ukunciphisa ingxolo engafunekiyo kunye nokungcangcazela.

Utshintsho olukhawulezayo lobushushu olwenzeka ngexesha lokuqaliswa kweinjini yomoya lunokwamkelwa luyilo lwetrim olulungelelanisiweyo olusetyenziswa kwiivalvu zokulawula umphunga. Ubomi obude kunye nokuvumela ukwandiswa xa uphambukiswa kukothuka kwe-thermal, ikheji iyaqina. I-valve core inesikhokelo esiqhubekayo, kunye nokufakwa kwe-cobalt kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa isitywina esiqinileyo sentsimbi kunye nesitulo sevalve ngaphezu kokubonelela ngesikhokelo.

Ivalve elawula umphunga ineendlela ezininzi zokutshiza amanzi xa uxinzelelo lwehlile. I-manifold inemilomo evulwe ngasemva yoxinzelelo kunye nejiyometri eguquguqukayo ukomeleza ukuxubana kwamanzi kunye nokuphuma komphunga.

Uxinzelelo lomphunga osezantsi weenkqubo zokujiya ezingundoqo, apho iimeko zokugcwala zinokwenzeka, kulapho lo mlomo wawucetyelwe ukusetyenziswa ekuqaleni. Olu hlobo lomlomo longeza ukuguquguquka kwesixhobo ngokuvumela ukuhamba okusezantsi okusezantsi. Oku kufezwa ngokunciphisa i-backpressure kwi-dP nozzle. Enye iadvanteji yeyokuba ilitha lenzeka kumbhobho wokuphuma endaweni yevalvu yokutshiza xa umbhobho we-dP wonyuswa kwimingxuma emincinane.

Xa umbane usenzeka, umthwalo weplagi yevalvu entlahlaza kumlomo uwutyhala uvale ukuthintela naluphi na utshintsho olunjalo. Ukucinezeleka kolwelo kuyatshintsha ngexesha lokudanyaza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbhobho ophuma emlonyeni uwunyanzele ukuba uvale kwaye ucinezele kwakhona ulwelo. Ukulandela ezi nkqubo, ulwelo lubuyela kwimeko yalo engamanzi kwaye lunokubunjwa kwakhona lube kwisipholile.

Ijiyometri eguquguqukayo kunye noxinzelelo lwangasemva olusebenzayo imilomo

Ivalve yokulawula umphunga ilawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ukusuka kudonga lombhobho ukuya kumbindi wombhobho. Ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo kuza amanani ahlukeneyo amanqaku okutshiza. Idayamitha yokuphuma yevalve elawulayo iya kwandiswa kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nomthamo womphunga ophezulu kakhulu ofunekayo ukuba umahluko woxinzelelo lomphunga ubalulekile. Ukuphumeza ulwabiwo olulinganayo nolucokisekileyo lwamanzi atshiziweyo, imilomo emininzi ke ngoko ibekwa kwindawo yokuphuma.

Ilungiselelo le-trim elungelelanisiweyo kwi-valve yokulawula i-steam yenza ukuba isetyenziswe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo (ukuya kwi-ANSI Class 2500 okanye ngaphezulu).

Ulwakhiwo lweplagi yevalve yolawulo lomphunga lubonelela ngokutywinwa kodidi lweV kunye neempawu zokuqukuqela komgca. Iivalvu zokulawula umphunga ziqhele ukusebenzisa abalawuli bevalve yedijithali kunye ne-actuator ye-pneumatic piston actuators ukugqiba ukubetha ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emi-2 ngelixa ugcina ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwenyathelo.
Iivalvu zokulawula umphunga zinokubonelelwa njengamacandelo awohlukileyo ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwemibhobho luyayifuna, nto leyo evumela ulawulo loxinzelelo kumzimba wevalvu kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo kwisipholile esisezantsi somlambo. Ukongeza, ukuba ayinakwenzeka ngokwemali, kuyacingeleka ukudityaniswa kweplagi-in desuperheaters kunye nemizimba yevalvu ethe tye.