1 Amanqaku aphambili okukhetha ivalvu

1.1 Cacisa injongo yesivalo kwisixhobo okanye isixhobo

Ukugqiba iimeko zokusebenza kwevalve: ubunjani bendawo esebenzayo, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, ukushisa okusebenzayo kunye nendlela yokulawula ukusebenza, njl.;

1.2 Khetha ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lwesivalo

Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lohlobo lwevalvu lusekwe kwingqinisiso epheleleyo yomyili wayo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Xa ukhetha uhlobo lwevalve, umyili kufuneka aqale azilawule iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwevalve nganye;

1.3 Qinisekisa uqhagamshelo lwesiphelo lwevalvu

Phakathi koqhagamshelo oludityanisiweyo, uqhagamshelo lweflange kunye noqhagamshelo lwesiphelo se-welding, ezimbini zokuqala zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iivalve ezinemisonto ubukhulu becala ziivalvu ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-50mm. Ukuba ubukhulu bobukhulu bukhulu kakhulu, ukufakela kunye nokutywinwa koqhagamshelwano kunzima kakhulu. Iivalve ezidityaniswe nge-flange zikulungele ukufakela kunye nokuqhaqha, kodwa zinzima kwaye zibiza ngaphezu kweevalve ezinemisonto, ngoko ke zifanelekile ukudityaniswa kwemibhobho yobubanzi obuhlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo. Uxhumo lwe-welding lufanelekile kwiimeko zomthwalo onzima kwaye zithembeke ngakumbi kunoxhumo lwe-flange. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuqhaqha kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona ii-valve ezixhunywe nge-welding, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe kwiimeko apho ngokuqhelekileyo ikwazi ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ixesha elide, okanye iimeko zokusetyenziswa zinzima kwaye izinga lokushisa liphezulu;

1.4 Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zevalvu

Ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iipropati ezibonakalayo (ubushushu, uxinzelelo) kunye neempawu zekhemikhali (ukonakala) kwendawo yokusebenza, ukucoceka kwendawo ephakathi (nokuba kukho amasuntswana aqinileyo) kufuneka kulawuleke xa kukhethwa izinto zeqokobhe levalve, amalungu angaphakathi kunye. indawo yokutywina. Ukongeza, imimiselo efanelekileyo karhulumente kunye nesebe labasebenzisi kufuneka kubhekiswe kuyo. Ukukhethwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-valve kunokufumana ubomi benkonzo yezoqoqosho kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwevalve. Umyalelo okhethiweyo wezixhobo zomzimba we-valve yile: intsimbi ye-iron-carbon steel-stainless steel, kunye nomyalelo wokukhethwa kwezinto zokutywina zokutywina: i-rubber-copper-alloy steel-F4;

1.5 Abanye

Ukongezelela, izinga lokuhamba kunye nenqanaba loxinzelelo lwe-fluid ehamba nge-valve kufuneka lunqunywe, kwaye i-valve efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe kusetyenziswa ulwazi olukhoyo (njengeekhathalogu zeemveliso zevalve, iisampuli zemveliso yevalve, njl.).

2 Intshayelelo kwiiValufa eziqhelekileyo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalve, kwaye iindidi zinzima. Iindidi eziphambili ziiivalve zesango, iivalve zokumisa, i-throttle valves,iivalve butterfly, iivalve zeplagi, iivalve zebhola, iivalve zombane, iivalve zediaphragm, iivalve zokujonga, iivalve zokhuseleko, iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo,imigibe ye-steam kunye neevalvu zokuvala ngokukhawuleza,phakathi kwazo ezo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zizivalo zesango, iivalve zokumisa, iivalve ze-throttle, iiplagi zeplagi, iivalve zebhabhathane, iivalve zebhola, iivalve zokujonga, kunye ne-diaphragm valves.

2.1 Ivalve yeSango

Ivalve yesango sisivalo esinomzimba wokuvula nokuvala (ipleyiti yevalvu) iqhutywa sisikhondo sevalvu kwaye ihla inyuka igudle umphezulu wokutywina wesihlalo sevalvu, enokudibanisa okanye isike indlela yolwelo. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-valve yokumisa, i-valve yesango inomsebenzi ongcono wokutywina, ukuchasana kwamanzi okuncinci, umzamo omncinci wokuvula nokuvala, kwaye inomsebenzi othile wokulungelelanisa. Yenye yeevalvu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokuvala. Ukungalungi ubukhulu obukhulu, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kune-valve yokumisa, ukunxiba lula kwendawo yokutywina, kunye nokugcinwa okunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayifanelekanga ukubethelwa. Ngokwendawo yomsonto kwisiqu sevalve yesango, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwesiqu esinyukayo kunye nohlobo lwesikhondo esifihliweyo. Ngokweempawu zesakhiwo seplate yesango, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwe-wedge kunye nohlobo oluhambelanayo.

2.2 Ivalve yokumisa

Ivalve yokumisa yivalve yokuvala eyehlayo, apho iindawo zokuvula kunye nokuvala (i-valve disc) ziqhutywa sisikhondo sevalve ukuya phezulu nasezantsi ecaleni kwe-axis yesitulo sevalvu (umphezulu wokutywina). Xa kuthelekiswa nevalve yesango, inokusebenza kakuhle kokulungelelaniswa, ukusebenza kakubi kokutywinwa, isakhiwo esilula, ukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo, ukuxhathisa okukhulu kwamanzi, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Sivalufa esikiweyo esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho ephakathi kunye nencinci.

2.3 Ivalve yebhola

Iindawo zokuvula nezokuvala zevalve yebhola zizizangqa ezinesetyhula kwimingxunya, kwaye ingqukuva ijikeleza ngesiqu sevalve ukuqonda ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwevalve. I-valve yebhola inesakhiwo esilula, ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kakuhle, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima bokukhanya, iindawo ezimbalwa, ukuchasana kwamanzi amancinci, ukutywinwa kakuhle, kunye nokugcinwa lula.

2.4 Ivalve yomqala

Ngaphandle kwe-disc ye-valve, i-valve ye-throttle inesakhiwo esifanayo ne-valve yokumisa. I-disc yayo ye-valve iyinxalenye ye-throttling, kwaye iimilo ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ububanzi besihlalo se-valve akufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu, kuba ubude bayo bokuvula buncinci kwaye izinga lokuhamba eliphakathi liyenyuka, ngaloo ndlela likhawuleza ukukhukuliseka kwediski ye-valve. Ivalve ye-throttle inemilinganiselo emincinci, ubunzima obulula, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kohlengahlengiso, kodwa ukuchaneka kohlengahlengiso akuphezulu.

2.5 Ivalve yokuplaga

Ivalve yeplagi isebenzisa umzimba weplagi onomngxuma ophumelayo njengenxalenye yokuvula kunye nokuvala, kunye nomzimba weplagi ujikeleza kunye nesiqu sevalve ukufikelela ekuvulekeni nasekuvaleni. Ivalve yeplagi inesakhiwo esilula, ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvala, ukusebenza lula, ukuxhathisa ulwelo oluncinci, iindawo ezimbalwa, kunye nobunzima obulula. Iivalve zeplagi ziyafumaneka kwiindlela ezithe tye, ezintathu, kunye neendlela ezine. Iivalve zeplagi ezithe tye zisetyenziselwa ukunqumla i-medium, kwaye iivalve zeplagi zendlela-ntathu kunye neendlela ezine zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha indlela ephakathi okanye ukuguqula i-medium.

2.6 Ivalve yebhabhathane

Ivalve yebhabhathane yipleyiti yebhabhathane ejikeleza i-90 ° ijikeleze i-axis esisigxina kumzimba wevalvu ukugqiba umsebenzi wokuvula nokuvala. Ivalve yebhabhathane incinci ngokwesayizi, ilula ngobunzima, ilula ngokwesakhiwo, kwaye iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbalwa kuphela.

Kwaye inokuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivalwe ngokujikeleza i-90 °, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Xa ivalve yebhabhathane ikwindawo evuleke ngokupheleleyo, ubukhulu bepleyiti yebhabhathane bubuxhakaxhaka kuphela xa i-medium iqukuqela kumzimba wevalve. Ngoko ke, ukuhla koxinzelelo okwenziwa yi-valve kuncinci kakhulu, ngoko kunempawu zokulawula ukuhamba kakuhle. Iivalve zebhabhathane zohlulwe zibe zintlobo ezimbini zokutywina: itywina elithambileyo elithambileyo kunye nentsimbi eqinileyo yokutywina. Kwiivalvu ezilastiki zokutywina, iringi yokutywina inokufakwa kumzimba wevalvu okanye incanyathiselwe kumda wepleyiti yebhabhathane. Inomsebenzi wokutywina kakuhle kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukugobhoza, kunye nakwimibhobho yokucoca ephakathi kunye nemithombo yeendaba eyonakalisayo. Iivalvu ezinezitywina zetsimbi zinobomi obude benkonzo kuneevalvu ezinamatywina anwebekayo, kodwa kunzima ukufezekisa ukutywinwa okupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukuhamba kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kuyahluka kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-throttling. Izitywina zentsimbi ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza, ngelixa izitywina ezilastiki zinesiphene sokunqandwa bubushushu.

2.7 Ivalve yokujonga

Ivalve yokukhangela ivelufa enokuthintela ngokuzenzekelayo ukubuya kolwelo. I-disc ye-valve ye-valve yokutshekisha ivula phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-fluid, kwaye i-fluid igeleza ukusuka kwicala lokungena ukuya kwicala lokuphuma. Xa uxinzelelo kwicala lokungena lisezantsi kunelo kwicala lokuphuma, i-disc yevalve ivala ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi kwesenzo sezinto ezinjengomahluko woxinzelelo lwe-fluid kunye nomxhuzulane wayo wokuthintela ukubuya kolwelo. Ngokwefomu yesakhiwo, yahlulwe ibe yivalve yokujonga i-lift kunye nevalve yokujonga i-swing. Ivalve yokujonga i-lift inotywina olungcono kunevalve yokujonga ujingi kunye nokumelana okukhulu kwamanzi. Kwizibuko lokufunxa lombhobho wokufunxa impompo, ivalve yeenyawo kufuneka ikhethwe. Umsebenzi wayo kukuba: ukuzalisa umbhobho wokungena kwimpompo ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba uqale impompo; ukugcina umbhobho wokungena kunye nokumpompa umzimba ozele ngamanzi emva kokumisa impompo ukulungiselela ukuqalisa kwakhona. Ivalve yeenyawo ifakwe ngokubanzi kuphela kumbhobho othe nkqo kwindawo yokungena impompo, kwaye i-medium ihamba ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu.

2.8 Ivalve ye-diaphragm

Indawo evulayo nevalayo yevalve ye-diaphragm yirabha diaphragm, edityaniswe phakathi komzimba wevalve kunye nesivalo sevalvu.

Inxalenye ephumayo ye-diaphragm igxininiswe kwi-valve stem, kwaye umzimba wevalve ufakwe irabha. Ekubeni i-medium ingangeni kwi-cavity yangaphakathi ye-valve cover, i-valve stem ayifuni ibhokisi yokufaka. Ivalve ye-diaphragm inesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina, ukugcinwa lula, kunye nokumelana nolwelo oluphantsi. Iivalve ze-diaphragm zahlulwe zibe luhlobo lwe-weir, uhlobo oluthe ngqo, uhlobo lwe-angle ekunene kunye nohlobo oluthe ngqo lwangoku.

3 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalve eqhelekileyo

3.1 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalve yesango

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iivalve zesango kufuneka zikhethwe kuqala. Ukongeza kwi-steam, i-oyile kunye neminye imithombo yeendaba, iivalve zesango nazo zifanelekile kwimidiya equlethe i-granular solids kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu, kwaye ifanelekile kwiivalve zokukhupha kunye neenkqubo eziphantsi ze-vacuum. Kwimidiya enamasuntswana aqinileyo, umzimba wevalve yesango kufuneka ube nomngxuma omnye okanye emibini yokucoca. Kwimidiya yobushushu obuphantsi, i-valve yesango ekhethekileyo yokushisa ephantsi kufuneka ikhethwe.

3.2 Misa imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu

I-valve yokumisa ifanelekile kwiipayipi ezineemfuno eziphantsi zokuxhatshazwa kwamanzi, oko kukuthi, ukulahleka koxinzelelo akuqwalaselwa kakhulu, kunye nemibhobho okanye izixhobo ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lweendaba. Ifanelekile kwi-steam kunye neminye imibhobho yeendaba kunye ne-DN <200mm; iivalve ezincinci zingasebenzisa iivalve zokumisa, ezinjengeenaliti zeenaliti, iivalve zesixhobo, iivalve zesampulu, iivalvu zokulinganisa uxinzelelo, njl.; iivalve zokumisa zinolawulo lokuhamba okanye ummiselo woxinzelelo, kodwa ukuchaneka kommiselo awuphezulu, kwaye i-diameter yombhobho incinci, ngoko ke kufuneka kukhethwe iivalve zokumisa okanye i-throttle valves; kwimidiya enetyhefu kakhulu, kufuneka kukhethwe iivalvu zokumisa ezivaliweyo; kodwa iivalvu zokumisa akufuneki zisetyenziselwe imidiya eneviscosity ephezulu kunye nemidiya equlathe amasuntswana ekulula ukugqobhoza, kwaye akufuneki asetyenziswe njengeevalvu zevent kunye neevalvu kwiinkqubo zokufunxa ezisezantsi.

3.3 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalve yebhola

Iivalve zebhola zifanelekile kubushushu obuphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nemidiya ephezulu ye-viscosity. Uninzi lweevalvu zebhola zingasetyenziswa kumajelo eendaba kunye namasuntswana aqinileyo amisiweyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa umgubo kunye nemidiya yegranular ngokweemfuno zezinto zetywina; iivalve zebhola ezigcweleyo azifanelekanga kulawulo lokuhamba, kodwa zifanelekile kwizihlandlo ezifuna ukuvulwa nokuvala ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ilungele ukunqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza kwiingozi; iivalve zebhola zidla ngokucetyiswa kwimibhobho ngokutywinwa ngokungqongqo ukusebenza, ukunxiba, imijelo yokuncipha, ukuvulwa nokuvala ngokukhawuleza, ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu (umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo), ingxolo ephantsi, isenzeko se-gasification, i-torque encinci yokusebenza, kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi amancinci; iivalve zebhola zifanelekile kwizakhiwo zokukhanya, ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi, kunye neendaba ezidliwayo; iivalve zebhola zikwazezona zilungele ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nemidiya ebanda kakhulu. Kwiinkqubo zemibhobho kunye nezixhobo zemidiya yeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, iivalve zebhola eziphantsi kunye nezivalo zevalve kufuneka zikhethwe; xa usebenzisa iivalve zebhola ezidadayo, izinto zokuhlala zevalve kufuneka zithwale umthwalo webhola kunye nendawo yokusebenza. Iivalvu zebhola ezinobubanzi obukhulu zifuna amandla amakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye i-DN≥200mm iivalvu zebhola kufuneka zisebenzise ukuhanjiswa kwegiya leentshulube; iivalve zebhola ezisisigxina zifanelekile kwizihlandlo ezinobubanzi obukhulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu; ukongeza, iivalvu zebhola ezisetyenziselwa imibhobho yezixhobo zenkqubo enetyhefu kakhulu kunye neendaba ezinokutsha kufuneka zibe nezakhiwo ezingatshiyo kunye ne-anti-static.

3.4 Imiyalelo yokuKhetha iThrottle Valve

Iivalve ze-Throttle zifanelekile kwiimeko ezinobushushu obuphantsi obuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye zifanelekile kwiindawo ezifuna ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo. Ayifanelekanga kwimidiya ene-viscosity ephezulu kwaye iqulethe iinqununu eziqinileyo, kwaye ayifanelekanga kwiivalve zokuzihlukanisa.

3.5 Imiyalelo yokuKhetha iValve yePlug

Iiplagi zeplagi zifanelekile kwizihlandlo ezifuna ukuvulwa nokuvala ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo azifanelekanga kwi-steam kunye ne-high-temperature media. Zisetyenziselwa imidiya kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu, kwaye ifanelekile kwimidiya kunye neengqungquthela ezimisiwe.

3.6 Imiyalelo yokuKhetha iValve yeButterfly

Iivalvu zebhabhathane zifanelekile kwizihlandlo ezinobubanzi obukhulu (ezifana ne-DN﹥600mm) kunye neemfuno ezimfutshane zesakhiwo, kunye nezihlandlo ezifuna ukulawulwa kokuhamba kunye nokuvulwa nokuvala ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa imidiya efana namanzi, ioli kunye nomoya oxinyiweyo kunye namaqondo okushisa ≤80℃ kunye noxinzelelo ≤1.0MPa; kuba iivalvu zebhabhathane zinelahleko enkulu yoxinzelelo xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zesango kunye neevalvu zebhola, iivalvu zebhabhathane zilungele iinkqubo zemibhobho ezineemfuno zolahleko loxinzelelo lwax.

3.7 Imiyalelo yokuKhetha iValve yokuTkisha

Iivalve zokujonga ngokuqhelekileyo zifanelekile kwimidiya ecocekileyo, kwaye ayifanelekanga kwimidiya equkethe amaqhekeza aqinileyo kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Xa i-DN≤40mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-valve yokuphakamisa i-valve (evunyelwe kuphela ukuba ifakwe kwiipayipi ezinqamlekileyo); xa i-DN＝50～400mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ivalve yokukhangela i-swing lifting (inokufakwa kwimibhobho yomibini ethe tye kunye nethe nkqo. Ukuba ifakwe kumbhobho othe nkqo, indlela yokuhamba okuphakathi kufuneka ibe ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu); xa i-DN≥450mm, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ivalve yokujonga isithinteli; xa i-DN＝100～400mm, ivalve yokujonga i-wafer nayo ingasetyenziswa; i-valve yokukhangela i-swing ingenziwa ibe nguxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lokusebenza, i-PN inokufikelela kwi-42MPa, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokusebenza kunye naluphi na ubushushu obusebenzayo ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zeqokobhe kunye namatywina. I-medium ngamanzi, umphunga, igesi, i-corrosive medium, i-oyile, amayeza, njl njl.

3.8 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalve yediaphragm

Iivalvu ze-diaphragm zifanelekile kwi-oyile, amanzi, imidiya ene-acidic kunye nemidiya equlethe izinto ezimisiweyo ezinobushushu obusebenzayo obungaphantsi kwe-200 ℃ kunye noxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwe-1.0MPa, kodwa kungekhona kwi-solvents eziphilayo kunye nee-oxidants ezinamandla. Iivalvu ze-diaphragm zohlobo lwe-Weir zifanelekile kwimidiya yegranular abrasive. Itheyibhile yeempawu zokuhamba kufuneka isetyenziswe ekukhetheni i-weir-type diaphragm valves. Izivalo ze-diaphragm ezithe tye zifanelekile kumanzi e-viscous, i-samente slurries kunye ne-sedimentary media. Ngaphandle kweemfuno ezithile, iivalve ze-diaphragm akufanele zisetyenziswe kwiipayipi ze-vacuum kunye nezixhobo zokucoca.