1 Amanqaku aphambili okukhetha iivalvu

1.1 Cacisa injongo yevalvu kwisixhobo okanye kwisixhobo

Misela iimeko zokusebenza zevalvu: uhlobo lwendlela yokusebenza efanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, ubushushu bokusebenza kunye nendlela yokulawula ukusebenza, njl.njl.;

1.2 Khetha uhlobo lwevalvu ngokuchanekileyo

Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lwevalvu kusekelwe ekuqondeni ngokupheleleyo komyili yonke inkqubo yemveliso kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Xa ekhetha uhlobo lwevalvu, umyili kufuneka aqale azi iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwevalvu nganye;

1.3 Chonga uqhagamshelo lokugqibela lwevalvu

Phakathi koqhagamshelo olunemisonto, uqhagamshelo lweflange kunye noqhagamshelo lwesiphelo sewelding, ezimbini zokuqala zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Iivalvu ezinemisonto ikakhulu ziivalvu ezinobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-50mm. Ukuba ubukhulu bobubanzi bukhulu kakhulu, ukufakelwa kunye nokutywinwa koqhagamshelo kunzima kakhulu. Iivalvu eziqhagamshelwe kwiflange zilula ngakumbi ukuzifaka nokuziqhekeza, kodwa zinzima kwaye zibiza kakhulu kuneevalvu ezinemisonto, ngoko ke zifanelekile kuqhagamshelo lwemibhobho yobubanzi obahlukeneyo kunye noxinzelelo. Uqhagamshelo lwewelding lufanelekile kwiimeko zomthwalo onzima kwaye luthembekile ngakumbi kunoqhagamshelo lweflange. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuqhawula nokufaka kwakhona iivalvu eziqhagamshelwe kwiwelding, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunqunyelwe kwiimeko apho inokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ixesha elide, okanye iimeko zokusetyenziswa zinzima kwaye ubushushu buphezulu;

1.4 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zevalvu

Ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iimpawu zomzimba (ubushushu, uxinzelelo) kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali (ukubola) kwesixhobo sokusebenza, ukucoceka kwesixhobo (nokuba kukho amasuntswana aqinileyo) kufuneka kuqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa izinto zegobolondo yevalvu, iindawo zangaphakathi kunye nomphezulu wokutywina. Ukongeza, kufuneka kubhekiswe kwimigaqo efanelekileyo karhulumente kunye nesebe labasebenzisi. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zevalvu kunokufumana ubomi benkonzo obunoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwevalvu. Umyalelo wokukhetha wezixhobo zomzimba wevalvu ngu: isinyithi esityhidiweyo-intsimbi yekhabhoni-intsimbi engatyiwayo, kwaye umyalelo wokukhetha wezixhobo zeringi yokutywina ngu: irabha-ubhedu-intsimbi ye-alloy-F4;

1.5 Ezinye

Ukongeza, izinga lokuhamba kunye nenqanaba loxinzelelo lolwelo oluhamba ngevalvu kufuneka lichongwe, kwaye ivalvu efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe kusetyenziswa ulwazi olukhoyo (olufana neekhathalogu zemveliso yevalvu, iisampulu zemveliso yevalvu, njl.njl.).

2 Intshayelelo kwiiValve eziQhelekileyo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu, kwaye iintlobo zazo zintsonkothile. Iintlobo eziphambili zeziiivalvu zesango, iivalvu zokumisa, iivalvu zokuqhobosha,iivalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zeplagi, iivalvu zebhola, iivalvu zombane, iivalvu zediaphragm, iivalvu zokujonga, iivalvu zokhuseleko, iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo,imigibe yomphunga kunye neevalvu zokuvala ezingxamisekileyo,Phakathi kwazo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ziivalvu zesango, iivalvu zokumisa, iivalvu ze-throttle, iivalvu zeplagi, iivalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zebhola, iivalvu zokujonga, kunye neevalvu ze-diaphragm.

2.1 Ivalvu yeSango

Ivalvu yesango yivalvu enomzimba wayo wokuvula nokuvala (ipleyiti yevalvu) eqhutywa sisiqu sevalvu kwaye ihamba phezulu nasezantsi ecaleni komphezulu wokuvala wesihlalo sevalvu, enokudibanisa okanye inqumle indlela yokudlula kolwelo. Xa kuthelekiswa nevalvu yokumisa, ivalvu yesango isebenza ngcono ekutywineni, ukumelana nolwelo okuncinci, umgudu omncinci ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni, kwaye isebenza kakuhle ekulungiseni. Yenye yeevalvu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvaleni. Iingxaki zinkulu, isakhiwo esinzima ngakumbi kunevalvu yokumisa, ukuguguleka lula komphezulu wokuvala, kunye nokugcinwa okunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayifanelekanga ukuqhoboshelwa. Ngokwendawo yomsonto kwisiqu sevalvu yesango, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lwesiqu olunyukayo kunye nohlobo lwesiqu esifihliweyo. Ngokweempawu zesakhiwo sepleyiti yesango, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lwe-wedge kunye nohlobo oluhambelanayo.

2.2 Ivalvu yokumisa

Ivalvu yokumisa yivalvu yokuvala ezantsi, apho iindawo zokuvula nezokuvala (idiski yevalvu) ziqhutywa yisiqu sevalvu ukuze zinyuke zize zihle ecaleni kwe-axis yesihlalo sevalvu (umphezulu wokutywina). Xa ithelekiswa nevalvu yesango, inokulungiswa okuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina, isakhiwo esilula, ukwenziwa kunye nokugcinwa okulula, ukumelana nolwelo olukhulu, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Yivalvu yokusika esetyenziswa rhoqo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho ephakathi nencinci.

2.3 Ivalvu yebhola

Iindawo zokuvula nokuvala zevalvu yebhola ziispheri ezinemingxunya ejikelezayo, kwaye ispheri ijikeleza kunye nesiqu sevalvu ukuze kufezekiswe ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu. Ivalvu yebhola inesakhiwo esilula, itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, isebenza lula, inobukhulu obuncinci, inobunzima obulula, iindawo ezimbalwa, ukumelana nolwelo oluncinci, ukutywinwa kakuhle, kunye nokugcinwa okulula.

2.4 Ivalvu yoMthombo

Ngaphandle kwediski yevalvu, ivalvu ye-throttle inesakhiwo esifanayo nevalvu yokumisa. Idiski yayo yevalvu yinxalenye yokuthomalalisa, kwaye iimilo ezahlukeneyo zineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ububanzi besihlalo sevalvu akufuneki bube bukhulu kakhulu, kuba ukuphakama kwayo kokuvula kuncinci kwaye isantya sokuhamba esiphakathi siyanda, ngaloo ndlela kukhawulezisa ukukhukuliseka kwediski yevalvu. Ivalvu ye-throttle inobukhulu obuncinci, ubunzima obuphantsi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kohlengahlengiso, kodwa ukuchaneka kohlengahlengiso akuphezulu.

2.5 Ivalvu yeplagi

Ivalvu yeplagi isebenzisa umzimba weplagi onomgodi odlulayo njengenxalenye yokuvula nokuvala, kwaye umzimba weplagi ujikeleza nesiqu sevalvu ukuze kuvuleke kwaye kuvalwe. Ivalvu yeplagi inesakhiwo esilula, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukumelana nolwelo oluncinci, iindawo ezimbalwa, kunye nobunzima obuncinci. Iivalvu zeplagi ziyafumaneka kwiintlobo ezithe ngqo, ezithe tyaba, kunye nezine. Iivalvu zeplagi ezithe tyaba zisetyenziselwa ukusika i-medium, kwaye iivalvu zeplagi ezineendlela ezintathu nezine zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha indlela ye-medium okanye ukujika i-medium.

2.6 Ivalvu yebhabhathane

Ivalvu yebhabhathane yipleyiti yebhabhathane ejikeleza i-90° ijikeleze i-axis esisigxina emzimbeni wevalvu ukuze igqibezele umsebenzi wokuvula nokuvala. Ivalvu yebhabhathane incinci ngobukhulu, ilula ngobunzima, ilula ngolwakhiwo, kwaye inamacandelo ambalwa kuphela.

Kwaye ingavulwa kwaye ivalwe ngokukhawuleza ngokujikeleza i-90°, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Xa ivalvu yebhabhathane ikwindawo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ubukhulu beplate yebhabhathane yeyona nto ixhathisayo xa i-medium idlula emzimbeni wevalvu. Ke ngoko, ukuhla koxinzelelo oluveliswa yivalvu kuncinci kakhulu, ngoko ke ineempawu ezilungileyo zokulawula ukuhamba. Iivalvu zebhabhathane zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini zokutywina: i-elastic soft seal kunye ne-metal hard seal. Kwiivalvu ze-elastic seal, iringi yokutywina ingafakwa emzimbeni wevalvu okanye incamathiselwe kumda weplate yebhabhathane. Isebenza kakuhle ekutywineni kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhobosha, kunye nemibhobho ye-vacuum ephakathi kunye ne-corrosive media. Iivalvu ezinezitywina zesinyithi zihlala zisebenza ixesha elide kuneevalvu ezinezitywina ze-elastic, kodwa kunzima ukufikelela ekutywineni ngokupheleleyo. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukurhoxa koxinzelelo kunye nokurhoxa koxinzelelo kwahluka kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqhobosha. Izitywina zesinyithi zinokuzivumelanisa nobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza, ngelixa izitywina ze-elastic zinesiphako sokuthintelwa bubushushu.

2.7 Ivalvu yokujonga

Ivalvu yokujonga yivalvu enokuthintela ngokuzenzekelayo ulwelo olubuyela umva. Idiski yevalvu yevalvu yokujonga ivula phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lolwelo, kwaye ulwelo luhamba ukusuka kwicala lokungena ukuya kwicala lokukhupha. Xa uxinzelelo kwicala lokungena luphantsi kunolo lukwicala lokukhupha, idiski yevalvu ivala ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi kwesenzo sezinto ezifana nomahluko woxinzelelo lolwelo kunye nomxhuzulane walo ukuthintela ukubuya kolwelo. Ngokwemo yesakhiwo, yahlulwe yaba yivalvu yokujonga i-lift kunye nevalvu yokujonga i-swing. Ivalvu yokujonga i-lift inokuvalwa okungcono kunevalvu yokujonga i-swing kunye nokumelana okukhulu kolwelo. Kwisithuba sokufunxa sepayipi yokufunxa yepompo, kufuneka kukhethwe ivalvu yeenyawo. Umsebenzi wayo: ukuzalisa ipayipi yokungena yepompo ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba iqalise ipompo; ukugcina ipayipi yokungena kunye nomzimba wepompo uzele ngamanzi emva kokumisa ipompo ukulungiselela ukuqala kwakhona. Ivalvu yeenyawo ngokubanzi ifakwe kuphela kumbhobho othe nkqo kwindawo yokungena yepompo, kwaye i-medium ihamba ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu.

Ivalvu yeDiaphragm eyi-2.8

Inxalenye yokuvula nokuvala yevalvu yediaphragm yidiaphragm yerabha, ebekwe phakathi komzimba wevalvu kunye nesigqubuthelo sevalvu.

Inxalenye ephumayo ye-diaphragm inamathele kwisiqu se-valve, kwaye umzimba we-valve ugqunywe ngerabha. Ekubeni i-medium ingangeni ngaphakathi kwe-valve cover, isiqu se-valve asidingi bhokisi yokuzalisa. I-diaphragm valve inesakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina, ukulungiswa okulula, kunye nokumelana nolwelo oluphantsi. Ii-diaphragm valves zahlulwe ngohlobo lwe-weir, uhlobo oluthe tye, uhlobo lwe-right-engile kunye nohlobo lwe-direct current.

3 Imiyalelo eqhelekileyo yokukhetha iivalvu

3.1 Imiyalelo yokukhetha iivalvu zesango

Ngokubanzi, iivalvu zesango kufuneka zikhethwe kuqala. Ukongeza kwi-steam, ioyile kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, iivalvu zesango zikwafanelekile kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo eziqulethe izinto eziqinileyo ezi-granular kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu, kwaye zifanelekile kwiivalvu zokungenisa umoya kunye neenkqubo ze-vacuum eziphantsi. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinee-slim particles, umzimba we-value yesango kufuneka ube nomngxuma omnye okanye emibini yokucoca. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, kufuneka kukhethwe ivalvu yesango ekhethekileyo enobushushu obuphantsi.

3.2 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu yokumisa

Ivalvu yokumisa ifanelekile kwiipayipi ezineemfuno eziphantsi zokuxhathisa ulwelo, oko kukuthi, ukulahleka koxinzelelo akujongwa kangako, kunye neepayipi okanye izixhobo ezinemidiya yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ifanelekile kwiipayipi zomphunga kunye nezinye imidiya ezine-DN < 200mm; iivalvu ezincinci zingasebenzisa iivalvu zokumisa, ezifana neevalvu zeenaliti, iivalvu zezixhobo, iivalvu zesampulu, iivalvu zokulinganisa uxinzelelo, njl.njl.; iivalvu zokumisa zinolawulo lokuhamba okanye ulawulo loxinzelelo, kodwa ukuchaneka kolawulo akuphezulu, kwaye ububanzi bombhobho buncinci, ngoko ke iivalvu zokumisa okanye iivalvu ze-throttle kufuneka zikhethwe; kwimidiya enobuthi obukhulu, kufuneka kukhethwe iivalvu zokumisa ezivaliweyo; kodwa iivalvu zokumisa akufuneki zisetyenziselwe imidiya ene-viscosity ephezulu kunye nemidiya equlethe amasuntswana okulula ukuwacoca, kwaye akufuneki zisetyenziswe njengeevalvu zomoya kunye neevalvu kwiinkqubo ze-vacuum eziphantsi.

3.3 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu yebhola

Iivalvu zebhola zifanelekile kwiimidiya ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Uninzi lweevalvu zebhola zingasetyenziswa kwiimidiya ezinee-slid particles ezixhonyiweyo, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ii-powdered kunye ne-granular media ngokweemfuno zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo; iivalvu zebhola ezigcweleyo azifanelekanga ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi, kodwa zifanelekile kwiimeko ezifuna ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo elula xa kunqunyulwa ungxamiseko xa kukho iingozi; iivalvu zebhola zihlala zicetyiswa kwiipayipi ezine-sealability engqongqo, ukuguguleka, imijelo yokuncitshiswa, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, ukusika koxinzelelo oluphezulu (umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo), ingxolo ephantsi, i-gasification, i-torque encinci yokusebenza, kunye nokumelana nolwelo oluncinci; iivalvu zebhola zifanelekile kwizakhiwo zokukhanya, ukusika koxinzelelo oluphantsi, kunye ne-corrosive media; iivalvu zebhola zikwazezona valve zifanelekileyo kwiimidiya ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokubanda okunzulu. Kwiinkqubo zepayipi kunye nezixhobo zeemidiya ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi, iivalvu zebhola ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi ezinee-valve covers kufuneka zikhethwe; xa usebenzisa iivalvu zebhola ezidadayo, izinto zesihlalo sevalvu kufuneka zithwale umthwalo webhola kunye nendawo yokusebenza. Iivalvu zebhola ezinkulu zifuna amandla amakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, kwaye iivalvu zebhola ze-DN≥200mm kufuneka zisebenzise i-worm gear transmission; iivalvu zebhola ezizinzileyo zifanelekile kwiimeko ezinobubanzi obukhulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu; ukongeza, iivalvu zebhola ezisetyenziselwa imibhobho yezinto ezinobungozi kakhulu kunye nezixhobo ezitshayo kufuneka zibe nezakhiwo ezingatshiyo nezichasene nomlilo.

3.4 Imiyalelo yokukhetha iThrottle Valve

Iivalvu zombhobho zifanelekile kwiimeko ezinobushushu obuphantsi obuphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye zifanelekile kwiindawo ezifuna ukulungisa ukuhamba kunye noxinzelelo. Azifanelekanga kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezinobuthi obuphezulu kwaye ziqulethe amasuntswana aqinileyo, kwaye azifanelekanga kwiivalvu zokwahlukanisa.

3.5 Imiyalelo yokukhetha i-Plug Valve

Iivalvu zeplagi zifanelekile kwiimeko ezifuna ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo azifanelekanga kwimidiya yomphunga kunye neyobushushu obuphezulu. Zisetyenziselwa imidiya enobushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu, kwaye zifanelekile nakwimidiya eneziqwenga ezixhonyiweyo.

3.6 Imiyalelo yokukhetha iValve yeButterfly

Iivalvu zebhabhathane zifanelekile kwiimeko ezinobubanzi obukhulu (ezifana ne-DN﹥600mm) kunye neemfuno zobude obufutshane besakhiwo, kunye neziganeko ezifuna ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezifana namanzi, ioyile kunye nomoya ocinezelweyo onamaqondo obushushu angama-≤80℃ kunye noxinzelelo oluyi-≤1.0MPa; ekubeni iivalvu zebhabhathane zinoxinzelelo olukhulu xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zesango kunye neevalvu zebhola, iivalvu zebhabhathane zifanelekile kwiinkqubo zemibhobho ezineemfuno zokulahlekelwa luxinzelelo oluphantsi.

3.7 Imiyalelo yokukhetha iValve yokujonga

Iivalvu zokukhangela ngokubanzi zifanelekile kwiindawo ezicocekileyo, kwaye azifanelekanga kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezinamasuntswana aqinileyo kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu. Xa i-DN≤40mm, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakamisa (ivunyelwe ukufakwa kuphela kwiipayipi ezithe tye); xa i-DN＝50～400mm, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakamisa ukujikeleza (ingafakwa kwiipayipi ezithe tye nezithe nkqo. Ukuba ifakwe kumbhobho othe tye, indlela yokuhamba ephakathi kufuneka ibe ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu); xa i-DN≥450mm, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisa ivalvu yokujonga i-buffer; xa i-DN＝100～400mm, ivalvu yokujonga i-wafer nayo ingasetyenziswa; ivalvu yokujonga ukujikeleza ingenziwa ibe luxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lokusebenza, i-PN inokufikelela kwi-42MPa, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokusebenza kunye nayo nayiphi na indawo yobushushu bokusebenza ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo zegobolondo kunye nezitywini. Indawo yokusebenza ngamanzi, umphunga, igesi, indawo ebolileyo, ioyile, amayeza, njl. Uluhlu lobushushu bokusebenza oluphakathi luphakathi kwe--196～800℃.

3.8 Imiyalelo yokukhetha ivalvu yeDiaphragm

Iivalvu zeDiaphragm zifanelekile kwioyile, amanzi, i-acid media kunye ne-media equlethe izinto ezixhonyiweyo ezinobushushu obusebenzayo obungaphantsi kwama-200℃ kunye noxinzelelo olungaphantsi kwe-1.0MPa, kodwa kungekhona kwi-organic solvents kunye ne-oxidants ezinamandla. Iivalvu ze-diaphragm ze-Weir-type zifanelekile kwi-abrasive granular media. Itheyibhile yeempawu zokuhamba kufuneka isetyenziswe ekukhetheni iivalvu ze-diaphragm ze-weir-type. Iivalvu ze-diaphragm ezithe tye zifanelekile kwi-viscous fluids, i-samente slurry kunye ne-sedimentary media. Ngaphandle kweemfuno ezithile, iivalvu ze-diaphragm akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwimibhobho ye-vacuum kunye nezixhobo ze-vacuum.