Ivalvu yokumisa isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula nokumisa ulwelo oluhamba ngepayipi. Zahlukile kwiivalvu ezifana neevalvu zebhola kunye neevalvu zesango kuba zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulawula ukuhamba kolwelo kwaye azipheleli kwiinkonzo zokuvala. Isizathu sokuba ivalvu yokumisa iqanjwe ngolu hlobo kukuba uyilo oludala lubonisa umzimba othile ongqukuva kwaye lunokwahlulwa lube zii-hemispheres ezimbini, ezahlulwe yi-equator, apho ukuhamba kutshintsha khona icala. Izinto zangaphakathi zesitulo sokuvala zihlala zingeyiyo ingqukuva (umz., iivalvu zebhola) kodwa zihlala zicwangciswe njenge-planar, hemispherical, okanye i-plug. Iivalvu zeglobe zithintela ukuhamba kolwelo ngakumbi xa zivuliwe kuneevalvu zesango okanye zebhola, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla koxinzelelo oluphezulu kuzo. Iivalvu zeglobe zinemilo emithathu ephambili yomzimba, eminye yazo isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukwehla koxinzelelo ngevalvu. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngezinye iivalvu, nceda ujonge kwiSikhokelo sethu somthengi weevalvu.

Uyilo lweevalvu

Ivalvu yokumisa yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili:umzimba wevalvu kunye nesihlalo, idiski yevalvu kunye nesiqu, ukupakisha kunye nebhonethi. Xa isebenza, jikelezisa isiqu esinemisonto ngevili lesandla okanye i-valve actuator ukuze uphakamise idiski yevalvu kwisihlalo sevalvu. Indlela yolwelo edlula kwivalvu inomzila ofana no-Z ukuze ulwelo lukwazi ukudibana nentloko yediski yevalvu. Oku kwahlukile kwiivalvu zesango apho ulwelo luthe nkqo kwisango. Olu lwakhiwo ngamanye amaxesha luchazwa njengomzimba wevalvu ofana no-Z okanye ivalvu efana no-T. I-inlet kunye ne-outlet zihambelana.

Ezinye iindlela zokumisela ziquka ii-engile kunye neepateni ezimile okwe-Y. Kwivalvu yokumisa i-angle, indawo yokuphuma ingama-90 ° ukusuka kwindawo yokungena, kwaye ulwelo luhamba ngendlela efana ne-L. Kwindlela yokwakheka komzimba wevalvu enobume obuyi-Y okanye obuyi-Y, isiqu sevalvu singena emzimbeni wevalvu kwi-45 °, ngelixa indawo yokungena kunye nendawo yokungena zihlala zihambelana, zifana nakwindlela yeendlela ezintathu. Ukumelana kwephethini ye-angular ukuhamba kuncinci kunokwephethini enobume obuyi-T, kwaye ukumelana kwephethini enobume obuyi-Y kuncinci. Iivalvu ezineendlela ezintathu zezona zixhaphakileyo kwezi ntlobo zintathu.

Idiski yokutywina idla ngokuba ncinci ukuze ilingane nesihlalo sevalvu, kodwa idiski ethe tyaba ingasetyenziswa. Xa ivalvu ivuliwe kancinci, ulwelo luhamba ngokulinganayo lujikeleze idiski, kunye nokusasazwa kokuguguleka kwisihlalo sevalvu kunye nediski. Ke ngoko, ivalvu isebenza ngempumelelo xa ukuhamba kunciphile. Ngokubanzi, indlela yokuhamba ibhekiselele kwicala le-valve stem yevalvu, kodwa kwindawo enobushushu obuphezulu (umphunga), xa umzimba wevalvu uphola kwaye uncipha, ukuhamba kudla ngokujika ukuze kugcinwe idiski yevalvu ivalwe kakuhle. Ivalvu ingalungisa indlela yokuhamba ukuze isebenzise uxinzelelo ukunceda ukuvala (ukuhamba ngaphezulu kwediski) okanye ukuvula (ukuhamba ngaphantsi kwediski), ngaloo ndlela ivumela ivalvu ukuba ivale okanye ivuleke.

Idiski okanye iplagi yokutywinaidla ngokukhokelwa ukuya kwisihlalo sevalvu ngekheyiji ukuqinisekisa ukudibana okufanelekileyo, ingakumbi xa kusetyenzwa ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ezinye iindlela zoyilo zisebenzisa isihlalo sevalvu, kwaye isitywino esikwicala lentonga yevalvu yediski sinamathela kwisihlalo sevalvu ukukhulula uxinzelelo ekupakishweni xa ivalvu ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokwendlela eyilwe ngayo into yokutywina, ivalvu yokumisa ingavulwa ngokukhawuleza ngokujika okuphindaphindiweyo kwesiqu sevalvu ukuze kuqaliswe ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba (okanye kuvaliwe ukuze kumiswe ukuhamba), okanye kuvulwe kancinci kancinci ngokujikeleziswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwesiqu sevalvu ukuze kuveliswe ukuhamba okulawulekayo ngakumbi kwivalvu. Nangona iiplagi ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa njengezinto zokutywina, akufuneki zidideke neevalvu zeplagi, ezizixhobo zokujika ikota, ezifana neevalvu zebhola, ezisebenzisa iiplagi endaweni yeebhola ukuze ziyeke kwaye ziqale ukuhamba.

isicelo

Iivalvu zokumisa zisetyenziselwa ukuvala nokulawula izityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka, izityalo zamandla kunye nezityalo zokucubungula. Zisetyenziswa kwimibhobho yomphunga, kwiisekethe zokupholisa, kwiinkqubo zokuthambisa, njl.njl., apho ukulawula ubungakanani bolwelo oludlula kwiivalvu kudlala indima ebalulekileyo.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zomzimba wevalvu yeglobhu kudla ngokuba yintsimbi ephosiweyo okanye ibronze/ibronze xa kusetyenzwa ngoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni eyenziweyo okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo xa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu. Izinto ezichaziweyo zomzimba wevalvu zihlala ziquka zonke iindawo zoxinzelelo, kwaye "i-trim" ibhekisa kwiindawo ezingezizo zomzimba wevalvu, kubandakanya isihlalo sevalvu, idiski kunye nesiqu. Ubungakanani obukhulu bumiselwa yiklasi yoxinzelelo lweklasi ye-ASME, kwaye iibholiti ezisemgangathweni okanye iiflanges zokuwelda ziyacwangciswa. Ukulinganisa iivalvu zeglobhu kufuna umgudu omkhulu kunokulinganisa ezinye iintlobo zeevalvu kuba ukwehla koxinzelelo kwivalvu kunokuba yingxaki.

Uyilo lwesiqu esinyukayo lolona luxhaphakileyo kwiivalvu zokumisa, kodwa iivalvu zesiqu ezinganyukiyo nazo zinokufumaneka. Ibhonethi idla ngokubotshelelwa kwaye inokususwa lula ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwevalvu. Isihlalo sevalvu kunye nediski kulula ukuzitshintsha.

Iivalvu zokumisazihlala zenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo kusetyenziswa i-pneumatic piston okanye ii-diaphragm actuators, ezisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-valve stem ukuhambisa idiski kwindawo yayo. I-piston/diaphragm inokuthi ivuleke okanye ivale ivalve xa ilahlekelwa luxinzelelo lomoya. Kukwasetyenziswa ne-electric rotary actuator.