Yintoni iivalvu yokulawula uxinzelelo?
Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, ivalvu elawula uxinzelelo sisixhobo soomatshini esenzelwe ukulawula uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye olusezantsi ngenxa yotshintsho kwinkqubo. Olu tshintsho lunokubandakanya ukuguquguquka kokuhamba, uxinzelelo, ubushushu okanye ezinye izinto ezenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo rhoqo. Injongo yomlawuli woxinzelelo kukugcina uxinzelelo olufunekayo kwinkqubo. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, abalawuli boxinzelelo bahlukile kwiivalvu, ezilawula ukuhamba kwenkqubo kwaye azizilungisi ngokuzenzekelayo. Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zilawula uxinzelelo, hayi ukuhamba, kwaye zizilawula ngokwazo.

Uhlobo lomlawuli woxinzelelo
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo:iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye neevalvu zoxinzelelo lwangasemva.

Iivalvu ezinciphisa uxinzelelo zilawula ukuhamba koxinzelelo kwinkqubo ngokuva uxinzelelo oluphumayo kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo oluya ezantsi kwazo.

Abalawuli boxinzelelo lwangasemva balawula uxinzelelo oluvela kwinkqubo ngokuva uxinzelelo lokungena kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo oluvela phezulu

Ukukhetha kwakho isilawuli soxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho zenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukunciphisa uxinzelelo oluvela kumthombo woxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphambi kokuba imidiya yenkqubo ifikelele kwinkqubo ephambili, ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ingenza umsebenzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ivalvu yoxinzelelo olungasemva inceda ukulawula nokugcina uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo xa iimeko zenkqubo zibangela uxinzelelo lube phezulu kunokuba kufuneka. Xa isetyenziswa kwindawo efanelekileyo, uhlobo ngalunye lunokukunceda ugcine uxinzelelo olufunekayo kuyo yonke inkqubo yakho.

Umgaqo wokusebenza wevalvu yokulawula uxinzelelo
Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zinezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo ezizinceda zilawule uxinzelelo:

Izixhobo zolawulo, kuquka isihlalo sevalvu kunye nepoppet. Isihlalo sevalvu sinceda ukulawula uxinzelelo kwaye sithintele ulwelo ukuba lungavuzi luye kwelinye icala lomlawuli xa luvaliwe. Ngelixa inkqubo iqhubeka, ipoppet kunye nesihlalo sevalvu zisebenza kunye ukugqiba inkqubo yokutywina.

Into yokuva, idla ngokuba yi-diaphragm okanye i-piston. Into yokuva ibangela ukuba i-poppet inyuke okanye iwe kwisihlalo sevalvu ukulawula uxinzelelo lokungena okanye lokuphuma.

Izinto Zokulayisha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, umlawuli unokuba ngumlawuli ophethe intwasahlobo okanye umlawuli ophethe idome. Into yokulayisha inamandla okulinganisela ezantsi phezulu kwe-diaphragm.

Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukwenza ulawulo loxinzelelo olufunekayo. Ipiston okanye idiaphragm iyaziva uxinzelelo oluphezulu (lokungena) kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi (lokuphuma). Into yokuva emva koko izama ukufumana ibhalansi ngamandla amiselweyo avela kwi-loading element, elungiswa ngumsebenzisi ngesiphatho okanye ngenye indlela yokujika. Into yokuva iya kwenza i-poppet ivuleke okanye ivale kwisihlalo sevalvu. Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukugcina ibhalansi kunye nokufezekisa uxinzelelo olumiselweyo. Ukuba amandla athile ayatshintsha, amanye amandla nawo kufuneka atshintshe ukubuyisela ukulingana.

Kwivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, amandla amane ahlukeneyo kufuneka alinganiswe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Oku kuquka amandla okulayisha (F1), amandla entwasahlobo yokungena (F2), uxinzelelo lwe-outlet (F3) kunye noxinzelelo lwe-inlet (F4). Amandla okulayisha apheleleyo kufuneka alingane nokudibanisa amandla entwasahlobo yokungena, uxinzelelo lwe-outlet, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-inlet.

Iivalvu zoxinzelelo lwangasemva zisebenza ngendlela efanayo. Kufuneka zilinganise amandla entwasahlobo (F1), uxinzelelo lokungena (F2) kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma (F3) njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Apha, amandla entwasahlobo kufuneka alingane nesimbuku soxinzelelo lokungena kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma.

Ukwenza Ukhetho Oluchanekileyo Lomlawuli Woxinzelelo
Ukufaka isilawuli soxinzelelo esifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekugcineni uxinzelelo olufunekayo. Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo buxhomekeke kwisantya sokuhamba kwenkqubo - abalawuli abakhulu banokuphatha ukuhamba okuphezulu ngelixa belawula uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo, ngelixa kumanqanaba okuhamba aphantsi, abalawuli abancinci basebenza kakhulu. Kubalulekile nokulinganisa iinxalenye zolawulo. Umzekelo, kuya kuba ngcono ukusebenzisa i-diaphragm enkulu okanye i-piston ukulawula ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphantsi. Zonke iinxalenye kufuneka zibe nobukhulu obufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zenkqubo yakho.

Uxinzelelo lwenkqubo
Ekubeni umsebenzi oyintloko womlawuli woxinzelelo kukulawula uxinzelelo lwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlawuli wakho ulingana nobukhulu, ubuncinci, kunye noxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo. Iinkcukacha zemveliso yomlawuli woxinzelelo zihlala zigxininisa uluhlu lolawulo loxinzelelo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni umlawuli woxinzelelo olufanelekileyo.

Ubushushu benkqubo
Iinkqubo zoshishino zinokuba nobubanzi bobushushu, kwaye kufuneka uthembe ukuba umlawuli woxinzelelo owukhethayo uya kumelana neemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo ezilindelekileyo. Izinto ezingqongileyo zezinye zezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kunye nezinto ezifana nobushushu bolwelo kunye nesiphumo seJoule-Thomson, esibangela ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokwehla koxinzelelo.

uvakalelo lwenkqubo
Uvakalelo lwenkqubo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukhetho lwendlela yokulawula kwiilawuli zoxinzelelo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, uninzi lweelawuli ziilawuli ezifakwe entwasahlobo okanye iilawuli ezifakwe edomeni. Iivalvu zeelawuli zoxinzelelo ezifakwe entwasahlobo zilawulwa ngumsebenzisi ngokujika isiphatho sangaphandle esijikelezayo esilawula amandla entwasahlobo kwisixhobo sokuva. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iilawuli ezifakwe edomeni zisebenzisa uxinzelelo lolwelo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ukubonelela ngoxinzelelo olusetiweyo olusebenza kwisixhobo sokuva. Nangona iilawuli ezifakwe entwasahlobo zixhaphake ngakumbi kwaye abaqhubi baqhelene nazo ngakumbi, iilawuli ezifakwe edomeni zinokunceda ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwizicelo ezikufunayo kwaye zinokuba luncedo kwizicelo zeelawuli ezizenzekelayo.

imidiya yenkqubo
Ukuhambelana kwezinto phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zomlawuli woxinzelelo kunye nemidiya yenkqubo kubalulekile ukuze kubekho ixesha elide lezinto kunye nokuphepha ixesha lokungasebenzi. Nangona izinto zerabha kunye ne-elastomer ziwohloka ngokwendalo, ezinye izinto zemidiya yenkqubo zinokubangela ukuwohloka okukhawulezileyo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwevalvu yomlawuli ngaphambi kwexesha.

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zolwelo kunye nezixhobo zoshishino, zinceda ukugcina okanye ukulawula uxinzelelo olufunekayo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi ukuphendula utshintsho lwenkqubo. Ukukhetha umlawuli woxinzelelo ofanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze inkqubo yakho ihlale ikhuselekile kwaye isebenze njengoko kulindelekile. Ukukhetha okungalunganga kunokukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo, ukusebenza kakubi, ukusombulula iingxaki rhoqo, kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko.