A ivalvu yesangoyivalvu ehamba phezulu nasezantsi ngomgca othe tye ecaleni kwesihlalo sevalvu (umphezulu wokuvala), apho inxalenye yokuvula neyokuvala (isango) iqhutywa sisiqu sevalvu.

1. Hayi indlelaivalvu yesangoingaba

Uhlobo lwevalvu yokuvala ebizwa ngokuba yivalvu yesango isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa okanye ukukhupha i-medium kwipayipi. Ivalvu yesango ineendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Iivalvu zesango ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ezenziwe eTshayina zineempawu zokusebenza ezilandelayo: uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-PN1760, ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-DN151800, kunye nobushushu bokusebenza obuyi-t610°C.

2. Iimpawu zeivalvu yesango

① Iingenelo zevalvu yesango

A. Akukho ukumelana nolwelo okuncinci. Le medium ayitshintshi indlela ehamba ngayo xa idlula kwivalvu yesango kuba umjelo ophakathi ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu yesango uthe tye, nto leyo enciphisa ukumelana nolwelo.

B. Akukho kuxhathisa kuncinci ngexesha lokuvula nokuvala. Xa kuthelekiswa nevalvu yeglobe, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu yesango akugcini kakhulu kuba icala lentshukumo yesango lithe nkqo kwicala lokuhamba kwamanzi.

C. Icala lokuhamba kwesixhobo asithintelwanga. Ekubeni isixhobo sinokuhamba nakweyiphi na indlela ukusuka kumacala omabini evalvu yesango, sinokufeza injongo yaso kwaye sifanelekile ngakumbi kwiipayipi apho icala lokuhamba kwesixhobo linokutshintsha khona.

D. Sisakhiwo esifutshane. Ubude besakhiwo sevalvu yeglobhu bufutshane kunobo bevalvu yesango kuba idiski yevalvu yeglobhu ibekwe ngokuthe tye emzimbeni wevalvu ngelixa ivalvu yesango yevalvu yesango ibekwe ngokuthe nkqo ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu.

E. Amandla okuvala asebenzayo. Umphezulu wokuvala awonakalanga kangako xa uvuliwe ngokupheleleyo.

② Iingxaki zevalvu yesango

A. Kulula ukulimaza umphezulu wokuvala. Umphezulu wokuvala wesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu ziba nokungqubana okulinganiselweyo xa zivuleka kwaye zivala, nto leyo eyonakala lula kwaye inciphisa ukusebenza kokuvala kunye nobomi bokuvala.

B. Ukuphakama bukhulu kwaye amaxesha okuvula nokuvala made. Ukubetha kwepleyiti yesango likhulu, kufuneka indawo ethile yokuvula, kwaye ubukhulu bangaphandle buphezulu kuba ivalvu yesango kufuneka ivulwe ngokupheleleyo okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngelixa ivulwa kwaye ivalwa.

Ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo, unobumba u-C. Xa kuthelekiswa nevalvu yeglobe, kukho iindawo ezininzi, kunzima ukuyenza nokuyigcina ikwimeko entle, kwaye ibiza kakhulu.

3. Ukwakhiwa kwevalvu yesango

Umzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi okanye ibracket, isiqu sevalvu, i-nut yesiqu sevalvu, ipleyiti yesango, isihlalo sevalvu, isangqa sokupakisha, ukupakisha okutywiniweyo, i-packing gland, kunye nesixhobo sokuhambisa izinto zenza uninzi lwevalvu yesango.

Ivalvu ye-bypass (ivalvu yokumisa) inokudityaniswa ngaxeshanye kwimibhobho yokungena kunye neyokuphuma ecaleni kweevalvu zesango ezinobubanzi obukhulu okanye ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuze kuncitshiswe i-torque yokuvula kunye nokuvala. Vula ivalvu ye-bypass ngaphambi kokuvula ivalvu yesango xa usebenzisa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kumacala omabini esango. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo bevalvu ye-bypass yi-DN32 okanye ngaphezulu.

① Umzimba wevalvu, owenza inxalenye ethwele uxinzelelo lomjelo ophakathi kwaye ngumzimba oyintloko wevalvu yesango, unamathele ngqo kumbhobho okanye (kwizixhobo). Kubalulekile ukubeka isihlalo sevalvu endaweni, ukufaka isigqubuthelo sevalvu, kunye nokudibanisa umbhobho. Ukuphakama kwegumbi levalvu yangaphakathi likhulu kakhulu kuba isango elimile okwediski, elithe nkqo kwaye lihamba phezulu nasezantsi, kufuneka lingene ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lulawula kakhulu indlela umzimba wevalvu omile ngayo. Umzekelo, umzimba wevalvu yesango levalvu yengcinezelo ephantsi unokuthanjiswa ukuze kufinyezwe ubude besakhiwo sawo.

Kwi-valve body, uninzi lweendlela eziphakathi zine-cross-section ejikelezayo. Ukuncipha yindlela engasetyenziswa nakwii-valve zesango ezinobubanzi obukhulu ukunciphisa ubungakanani besango, amandla okuvula nokuvala, kunye ne-torque. Xa kusetyenziswa ukuncipha, ukumelana nolwelo kwi-valve kuyanda, okubangela ukwehla koxinzelelo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla. Umlinganiselo wokuncipha kwetshaneli akufuneki ube ngaphezulu. I-busbar ye-angle yokuthambekela kwetshaneli encinci ukuya kumgca ophakathi akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwe-12°, kwaye umlinganiselo wobubanzi betshaneli yesihlalo se-valve ukuya kububanzi bayo obuqhelekileyo kufuneka ube phakathi kwe-0.8 kunye ne-0.95.

Unxibelelwano phakathi komzimba wevalvu kunye nombhobho, kunye nomzimba wevalvu kunye nebhonethi, lumiselwa bulwakhiwo lomzimba wevalvu yesango. Ukuwelda okuxonxiweyo, okuxonxiweyo, okuxonxiweyo, kunye nokuwelda kweplate yetyhubhu zonke zizinketho zoburhabaxa bomzimba wevalvu. Kwiidayamitha ezingaphantsi kwe-DN50, kusetyenziswa imizimba yevalvu yokuphosa, kusetyenziswa imizimba yevalvu yokuphosa, ivalvu ezixonxiweyo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphosa okudibeneyo okungafikeleli kwiimfuno, kwaye izakhiwo ezixonxiweyo nazo zingasetyenziswa. Imizimba yevalvu yokuphosa exonxiweyo ihlala isetyenziselwa iivalvu ezineengxaki kwinkqubo yokuphosa iyonke.

②Isigqubuthelo sevalvu sinebhokisi yokuzalisa kwaye sinamathele emzimbeni wevalvu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinxalenye ephambili yegumbi loxinzelelo. Isigqubuthelo sevalvu sixhotyiswe ngezinto ezixhasa umphezulu womatshini, ezifana neenkuni zesiqu okanye iindlela zokudlulisela, zeevalvu eziphakathi nezincinci.

③I-stem nut okanye ezinye izinto zesixhobo sokudlulisa zixhaswa yibracket, eqhotyoshelwe kwibhonethi.

④Isiqu sevalvu siqhagamshelwe ngqo ne-stem nut okanye isixhobo sokudlulisa. Inxalenye yentonga ekhazimlisiweyo kunye nokupakisha zenza isibini sokutywina, esinokudlulisela i-torque kwaye sidlale indima yokuvula nokuvala isango. Ngokwendawo yomsonto kwisiqu sevalvu, ivalvu yesango lesiqu kunye nevalvu yesango lesiqu esifihliweyo zahlulwe.

A. Ivalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo yileyo inentambo yokudlulisela engaphandle komngxuma womzimba kwaye isiqu sevalvu sayo sinokunyuka sibuye sehle. I-nut yesiqu ekwibrakethi okanye kwibhonethi kufuneka ijikeleziswe ukuze kuphakanyiswe isiqu sevalvu. Intambo yesiqu kunye ne-nut yesiqu azidibani ne-medium kwaye ngenxa yoko azichaphazeleki bubushushu kunye nokugqwala kwesixhobo, okuzenza zithandwe. I-nut yesiqu inokujikeleza kuphela ngaphandle kokufuduka phezulu nasezantsi, nto leyo eyingenelo ekuthambiseni isiqu sevalvu. Ukuvulwa kwesango nako kucacile.

B. Iivalvu zesango lesiqu esimnyama zinentambo yokudlulisela ekwindawo yomzimba kunye nesiqu sevalvu esijikelezayo. Ukujikeleza isiqu sevalvu kuqhuba i-stem nut kwipleyiti yesango, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isiqu sevalvu sinyuke size siwe. Isiqu sevalvu sinokujikeleza kuphela, singanyuki okanye sihle. Ivalvu kunzima ukuyilawula ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo okuncinci kunye nokubetha okunzima kokuvula nokuvala. Izalathisi kufuneka zifakwe. Ifanelekile kwindawo engengonakalisiyo kwaye kwiimeko ezineemeko zemozulu ezingathandekiyo kuba ubushushu kunye nokugqwala kwendawo engaphakathi kuchaphazela unxibelelwano phakathi kwentambo yesiqu sevalvu kunye ne-stem nut kunye nendawo engaphakathi.

⑤Inxalenye yesibini se-kinematic esinokuncamathiselwa ngqo kwisixhobo sokudlulisa kunye ne-transmit torque yenziwe yi-valve stem nut kunye neqela le-valve stem thread.

⑥Isiqu sevalvu okanye isiqu senundu sinokubonelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngamandla ombane, amandla omoya, amandla e-hydraulic, kunye nomsebenzi ngesixhobo sokuhambisa. Ukuqhuba umgama omde kwizityalo zamandla kudla ngokusetyenziswa amavili esandla, izigqubuthelo zevalvu, izinto zokuhambisa, imingxunya yokudibanisa, kunye nee-couplings ze-universal.

⑦Isihlalo sevalvu Ukuqengqeleka, ukuwelda, uqhagamshelo olunemisonto, kunye nezinye iindlela zisetyenziselwa ukubethelela isihlalo sevalvu emzimbeni wevalvu ukuze sikwazi ukutywina ngesango.

⑧Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomthengi, iringi yokutywina ingafakwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu ukuze kwenziwe umphezulu wokutywina. Umphezulu wokutywina ungaphathwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu kwiivalvu ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi ephosiweyo, intsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic, kunye ne-alloy yobhedu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba i-medium ingavuzi ecaleni kwesiqu sevalvu, ukupakisha kufakwa ngaphakathi kwebhokisi yokugcwaliswa (ibhokisi yokugcwaliswa).