1. Intshayelelo kwiivalvu zesango

1.1. Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nomsebenzi weevalvu zesango:

Iivalvu zesango ziphantsi kodidi lweevalvu ezinqumliweyo, idla ngokufakelwa kwiipayipi ezinobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-100mm, ukuze kunqunyulwe okanye kuqhagamshelwe ukuhamba kwemidiya kumbhobho. Ngenxa yokuba idiski yevalvu ikuhlobo lwesango, ibizwa ngokuba yivalvu yesango. Iivalvu zesango zinezibonelelo zokutshintsha okonga abasebenzi kunye nokumelana nokuhamba okuphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, umphezulu wokutywina udla ngokuguguleka nokuvuza, ukuvulwa kukhulu, kwaye ukugcinwa kunzima. Iivalvu zesango azinakusetyenziswa njengeevalvu ezilawulayo kwaye kufuneka zibe kwindawo evulekileyo ngokupheleleyo okanye evaliweyo ngokupheleleyo. Umgaqo osebenzayo ngulo: xa ivalvu yesango ivaliwe, isiqu sevalvu siya ezantsi kwaye sixhomekeke kumphezulu wokutywina ivalvu yesango kunye nomphezulu wokutywina isihlalo sevalvu ukuba ube bushelelezi kakhulu, uthambe kwaye uhambelane, uvumelane ukuthintela ukuhamba kwemidiya, kwaye uxhomekeke kwi-wedge ephezulu ukwandisa isiphumo sokutywina. Isiqwenga sayo sokuvala sihamba ngokuthe nkqo kumgca ophakathi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu zesango, ezinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lwe-wedge kunye nohlobo oluhambelanayo ngokohlobo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwahlulwe lwaba yi-single gate kunye ne-double gate.

1.2 Ulwakhiwo:

Umzimba wevalvu yesango usebenzisa uhlobo lokuzitywina. Indlela yokudibanisa phakathi kwesiciko sevalvu kunye nomzimba wevalvu kukusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela ephakathi kwivalvu ukucinezela ukupakisha kokuvala ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokuvala. Ukupakisha kokuvala ivalvu yesango kuvaliwe ngokupakisha kwe-asbestos enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngocingo lobhedu.

Ulwakhiwo lwevalvu yesango lwenziwe ikakhulu yiumzimba wevalvu, isigqubuthelo sevalvu, isakhelo, isiqu sevalvu, iidiski zevalvu zasekhohlo nasekunene, isixhobo sokutywina ukupakisha, njl.

Izinto zomzimba wevalvu zahlulwe zaba yintsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy ngokwengcinezelo kunye nobushushu bendlela yokuhambisa umbhobho. Ngokubanzi, umzimba wevalvu wenziwe ngezinto ze-alloy zeevalvu ezifakwe kwiinkqubo zomphunga ezishushu kakhulu, t ＞450℃ okanye ngaphezulu, ezifana neevalvu zokukhupha i-boiler. Kwiivalvu ezifakwe kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi okanye kwiipayipi ezinobushushu obuphakathi t ≤450℃, izinto zomzimba wevalvu zinokuba yintsimbi yekhabhoni.

Iivalvu zesango zihlala zifakelwa kwiipayipi zamanzi anomphunga ezine-DN≥100 mm. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo beevalvu zesango kwibhoyila ye-WGZ1045/17.5-1 kwiSigaba I seZhangshan yi-DN300, DNl25 kunye ne-DNl00.

2. Inkqubo yokugcinwa kwevalvu yesango

2.1 Ukuqhaqha ivalvu:

2.1.1 Susa iibholithi zokulungisa zesakhelo esingaphezulu sesiciko sevalvu, vula iinati zeebholithi ezine kwisiciko sevalvu yokuphakamisa, jika i-valve stem nut ngokuchasene newotshi ukuze wahlukanise isakhelo sevalvu nomzimba wevalvu, uze usebenzise isixhobo sokuphakamisa ukuphakamisa isakhelo uze usibeke kwindawo efanelekileyo. Indawo ye-valve stem nut kufuneka ikhutshwe kwaye ihlolwe.

2.1.2 Khupha iringi yokugcina kwiringi etywinayo yomzimba wevalvu, cinezela isigqubuthelo sevalvu phantsi ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokwenza umsantsa phakathi kwesigqubuthelo sevalvu kunye neringi eneendlela ezine. Emva koko khupha iringi eneendlela ezine ibe ngamacandelo. Okokugqibela, sebenzisa isixhobo sokuphakamisa ukuphakamisa isigqubuthelo sevalvu kunye nesiqu sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu emzimbeni wevalvu. Yibeke kwindawo yokulungisa, kwaye uqaphele ukuthintela umonakalo kumphezulu wediskhi yevalvu.

2.1.3 Coca ingaphakathi lomzimba wevalvu, jonga imeko yomphezulu odibeneyo wesihlalo sevalvu, kwaye umisele indlela yokulungisa. Gquma ivalvu echithwe ngesiciko okanye isigqubuthelo esikhethekileyo, uze uncamathisele isitywino.

2.1.4 Khulula ii-hinge bolts zebhokisi yokuzalisa kwisiciko sevalvu. I-packing gland ikhululekile, kwaye i-valve stem ikrujwe phantsi.

2.1.5 Susa ii-clamps eziphezulu nezisezantsi zesakhelo sediski yevalvu, uziqhawule, ukhuphe ii-valve discs zasekhohlo nasekunene, kwaye ugcine umphezulu wangaphakathi kunye nee-gaskets. Linganisa ubukhulu be-gasket kwaye wenze irekhodi.

2.2 Ukulungiswa kwezinto zevalvu:

2.2.1 Umphezulu odibeneyo wesihlalo sevalvu yesango kufuneka ucolwe ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokusila (umpu wokusila, njl.njl.). Ukusila kungenziwa ngesanti yokusila okanye ngelaphu le-emery. Le ndlela ikwaqala ukusuka kwi-grey ukuya kwi-fine, kwaye ekugqibeleni ipolish.

2.2.2 Umphezulu odibeneyo wediski yevalvu ungagaywa ngesandla okanye ngomatshini wokusila. Ukuba kukho imingxunya enzulu okanye imingxunya kumphezulu, ingathunyelwa kwi-lathe okanye kwi-grinder ukuze isetyenzwe kancinci, kwaye ipholishwe emva kokuba yonke into ilinganisiwe.

2.2.3 Coca isigqubuthelo sevalvu kunye nokupakisha ngokutywina, susa umhlwa kwiindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zeringi yoxinzelelo lokupakisha, ukuze iringi yoxinzelelo ifakwe kakuhle kwinxalenye ephezulu yesigqubuthelo sevalvu, esilungele ukucinezelwa kwesigqubuthelo sokutywina.

2.2.4 Coca ukupakisha kwibhokisi yokuzalisa isiqu sevalvu, jonga ukuba indandatho yesihlalo sokupakisha sangaphakathi ayiguquki na, indawo ephakathi komngxuma wangaphakathi kunye nesiqu kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno, kwaye indandatho yangaphandle kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwebhokisi yokuzalisa akufuneki zinamathele.

2.2.5 Coca umhlwa kwi-packing gland kunye ne-pressure plate, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ucoceke kwaye uphelele. Indawo ephakathi komngxuma wangaphakathi we-gland kunye nesiqu kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno, kwaye udonga lwangaphandle kunye nebhokisi yokuzalisa akufuneki zinamathele, kungenjalo kufuneka zilungiswe.

2.2.6 Khulula i-hinge bolt, khangela ukuba inxalenye enomsonto ifanelekile na kwaye i-nut igqityiwe. Ungayijika kancinci iye kwingcambu ye-bolt ngesandla, kwaye i-pin ifanele ijikeleze ngokulula.

2.2.7 Coca umhlwa kumphezulu wesiqu sevalvu, jonga ukuba awugobanga na, kwaye uwulungise ukuba kuyimfuneko. Inxalenye yomsonto wetrapezoidal kufuneka ihlale icocekile, ingenamisonto ephukileyo kwaye yonakele, kwaye ufake umgubo welothe emva kokucoca.

2.2.8 Coca iringi yesine-kwi-one, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa. Akufuneki kubekho ziqhuma okanye zijijekileyo kwiplani.

2.2.9 Ibholithi nganye yokuncamathelisa kufuneka icocwe, i-nut kufuneka iphelele kwaye iguquguquke, kwaye inxalenye enomsonto kufuneka igqunywe ngomgubo we-lead.

2.2.10 Coca i-stem nut kunye ne-internal bearing:

① Susa izikrufu zokulungisa ze-stem nut locking nut kunye ne-housing, kwaye ukhulule umphetho wesikrufu sokukhiya ngaxeshanye.

② Khupha i-stem nut, i-bearing, kunye ne-disc spring, uze uzicoce nge-kerosene. Jonga ukuba i-bearing iyajikeleza ngendlela eguquguqukayo na kwaye ingaba i-disc spring ineemifantu.

③ Coca i-stem nut, jonga ukuba umsonto we-bushing ladder yangaphakathi awukho, kwaye izikrufu zokulungisa ezine-housing kufuneka ziqine kwaye zithembeke. Ukuguga kwe-bushing kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno, kungenjalo kufuneka kutshintshwe.

④ Faka ibhotolo kwi-bearing uze uyifake kwi-stem nut. Hlanganisa i-disc spring njengoko kufuneka kwaye uyifake kwakhona ngokulandelelana. Okokugqibela, yitshixe nge-locking nut uze uyiqinise ngezikrufu.

2.3 Ukuhlanganiswa kwevalvu yesango:

2.3.1 Faka iidiski zevalvu zasekhohlo nasekunene ezigutyungelwe kwiringi ye-valve stem clamp uze uzilungise ngee-clamps eziphezulu nasezantsi. I-universal top kunye nee-adjusting gaskets kufuneka zibekwe ngaphakathi ngokwemeko yokuhlolwa.

2.3.2 Faka isiqu sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu kwisihlalo sevalvu ukuze kuvavanywe uvavanyo. Emva kokuba idiski yevalvu kunye nomphezulu wokutywina isihlalo sevalvu zidibene ngokupheleleyo, umphezulu wokutywina idiski yevalvu kufuneka ube phezulu kunomphezulu wokutywina isihlalo sevalvu kwaye uhlangabezane neemfuno zomgangatho. Ngaphandle koko, ubukhulu begasket ephezulu kufuneka bulungiswe ide ifaneleke, kwaye i-stop gasket kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuyitywina ukuze ithintelwe ukuba ingawi.

2.3.3 Coca umzimba wevalvu, sula isihlalo sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu. Emva koko faka isiqu sevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu kwisihlalo sevalvu uze ufake isigqubuthelo sevalvu.

2.3.4 Faka ipakethe yokutywina kwindawo ezitywina ngokwayo yesiciko sevalvu njengoko kufuneka. Iinkcukacha zokupakisha kunye nenani leeringi kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yomgangatho. Inxalenye ephezulu yepakethe icinezelwe ngeringi yoxinzelelo kwaye ekugqibeleni ivalwe ngepleyiti yokugubungela.

2.3.5 Hlanganisa kwakhona iiringi ezine zibe ngamacandelo, kwaye usebenzise iringi yokugcina ukuze uthintele ukuba ingawi, kwaye uqinise i-nut yebholthi yokuphakamisa isigqubuthelo sevalvu.

2.3.6 Zalisa ibhokisi yokutywina isiqu sevalvu ngepakeji njengoko kufuneka, faka i-material gland kunye ne-pressure plate, kwaye uyiqinise ngezikrufu ze-hinge.

2.3.7 Hlanganisa kwakhona isakhelo sesiciko sevalvu, ujikelezise i-nut yesiqu sevalvu ephezulu ukuze isakhelo siwele emzimbeni wevalvu, uze usiqinise ngeebholiti zokudibanisa ukuze singawi.

2.3.8 Hlanganisa kwakhona isixhobo sombane sevalvu; isikrufu esiphezulu senxalenye yoqhagamshelo kufuneka siqiniswe ukuze singawi, kwaye uvavanye ngesandla ukuba iswitshi yevalvu iyaguquguquka na.

2.3.9 Ipleyiti yegama levalvu icacile, ayiguquki kwaye ichanekile. Iirekhodi zolondolozo ziphelele kwaye zicacile; kwaye zamkelwe kwaye ziyafaneleka.

2.3.10 Ukufakelwa kwepayipi kunye nevalvu kugqityiwe, kwaye indawo yokulungisa icocekile.

3. Imigangatho yomgangatho wokugcinwa kweevalvu zesango

3.1 Umzimba wevalvu:

3.1.1 Umzimba wevalvu kufuneka ungabi naziphene ezifana nemingxunya yesanti, imifantu kunye nokukhukuliseka, kwaye kufuneka uphathwe ngexesha emva kokufunyanwa.

3.1.2 Akufanele kubekho nkunkuma emzimbeni wevalvu kunye nombhobho, kwaye indawo yokungena kunye nendawo yokuphuma akufuneki ivalwe.

3.1.3 Iplagi esezantsi komzimba wevalvu kufuneka iqinisekise ukutywinwa okuthembekileyo kwaye akukho kuvuza.

3.2 Isiqu sevalvu:

3.2.1 Iqondo lokugoba kwesiqu sevalvu akufuneki libe ngaphezulu kwe-1/1000 yobude bonke, kungenjalo kufuneka ilungiswe okanye itshintshwe.

3.2.2 Inxalenye yomsonto wetrapezoidal kwisiqu sevalvu kufuneka ihlale icocekile, ingenaziphene ezifana neebhakethi eziphukileyo kunye neebhakethi ezilumayo, kwaye ukuguguleka akufuneki kube ngaphezulu kwe-1/3 yobukhulu bomsonto wetrapezoidal.

3.2.3 Umphezulu kufuneka uthambe kwaye ungabi nagqwala. Akufuneki kubekho ukugqwala okuqhekekileyo kunye nokususwa komphezulu kwindawo yokudibanisa netywina lokupakisha. Ubunzulu obufanayo be-corrosion point obuyi-≥0.25 mm kufuneka butshintshwe. Ukugqitywa kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba kungaphezulu kwe-▽6.

3.2.4 Umsonto odibanisayo kufuneka ungabi nanto kwaye iphini kufuneka iqine ngokuthembekileyo.

3.2.5 Ukudibanisa intonga yokugawula kunye ne-nut yentonga yokugawula kufuneka kube lula, ngaphandle kokuxinga ngexesha lokubetha ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umsonto kufuneka ugqunywe ngomgubo we-lead ukuze uthambise kwaye ukhuseleke.

3.3 Itywina lokupakisha:

3.3.1 Uxinzelelo lokupakisha kunye nobushushu obusetyenzisiweyo kufuneka buhlangabezane neemfuno zevalvu. Imveliso kufuneka ikhatshwe sisiqinisekiso sokuhambelana okanye ivavanywe kwaye ichongwe ngokuyimfuneko.

3.3.2 Iinkcukacha zokupakisha kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zobungakanani bebhokisi yokutywina. Iipakethi ezinkulu kakhulu okanye ezincinci kakhulu akufuneki zisetyenziswe endaweni yoko. Ukuphakama kwepakethi kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zobungakanani bevalvu, kwaye umda wokuqinisa ubushushu kufuneka ushiywe.

3.3.3 Indawo yokupakisha kufuneka isikwe ibe yimo ethe tyaba ene-engile engama-45°. Iindawo zokudibanisa zesangqa ngasinye kufuneka zijikeleziswe ngama-90°-180°. Ubude bokupakisha emva kokusika kufuneka bube bufanelekileyo. Akufuneki kubekho sithuba okanye ukugqithana kwindawo yokujonga xa ifakwa kwibhokisi yokupakisha.

3.3.4 Indandatho yesihlalo sokupakisha kunye ne-gland yokupakisha kufuneka ihlale icocekile kwaye ingabi nagqwala. Ibhokisi yokuzalisa kufuneka icoceke kwaye igudile. Umsantsa phakathi kwentonga yesango kunye nendandatho yesihlalo kufuneka ube yi-0.1-0.3 mm, ubuninzi bungabi ngaphezu kwe-0.5 mm. Umsantsa phakathi kwe-gland yokupakisha, umda wangaphandle wendandatho yesihlalo kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwebhokisi yokuzalisa kufuneka ube yi-0.2-0.3 mm, ubuninzi bungabi ngaphezu kwe-0.5 mm.

3.3.5 Emva kokuba ii-hinge bolts ziqinisiwe, ipleyiti yoxinzelelo kufuneka ihlale ithe tyaba kwaye amandla okuqinisa afane. Umngxuma ongaphakathi we-packing gland kunye nendawo ejikeleze i-valve stem kufuneka ilingane. I-packing gland kufuneka icinezelwe kwigumbi lokupakisha ukuya kwi-1/3 yokuphakama kwayo.

3.4 Umphezulu wokutywina:

3.4.1 Umphezulu wokuvala wediski yevalvu kunye nesihlalo sevalvu emva kokuhlolwa kufuneka ungabi namabala kunye nemingxunya, kwaye inxalenye yoqhagamshelwano kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yobubanzi bediski yevalvu, kwaye ukugqitywa komphezulu kufuneka kufikelele kwi-▽10 nangaphezulu.

3.4.2 Xa kuhlanganiswa idiski yevalvu yovavanyo, isiseko sevalvu kufuneka sibe phezulu nge-5-7 mm kunesihlalo sevalvu emva kokuba idiski yevalvu ifakiwe kwisihlalo sevalvu ukuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwayo ngokuqinileyo.

3.4.3 Xa kuhlanganiswa iidiski zevalvu zasekhohlo nasekunene, ukuzilungisa kufanele kube bhetyebhetye, kwaye isixhobo sokulwa nokuwa kufuneka sibe sempilweni kwaye sithembeke. 3.5 I-Stem nut:

3.5.1 Umsonto wangaphakathi we-bushing kufuneka ungabi nasiphako, ungabi nazibhanti eziqhekekileyo okanye ezingacwangciswanga, kwaye ukufakelwa kweqokobhe kufanele kube okuthembekileyo kwaye kungabi kukhululekile.

3.5.2 Zonke izinto ezithwalayo mazihlale ziqinile kwaye zijikeleze ngokulula. Akufuneki kubekho mifantu, umhlwa, ulusu olunzima kunye nezinye iziphene kumphezulu wemikhono yangaphakathi neyangaphandle kunye neebhola zentsimbi.

3.5.3 Intwasahlobo yediski mayingabi nazimfanta kunye nokuguquka, kungenjalo kufuneka itshintshwe. 3.5.4 Izikrufu zokulungisa kumphezulu we-lock nut akufuneki zikhululeke. I-valve stem nut ijikeleza ngokulula kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo evulekileyo engadluli kwi-0.35 mm.