A ivalvu yesangoyivalvu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ixhaphakile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lesinyithi, ulondolozo lwamanzi, kunye namanye amacandelo. Imarike ivumile uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenza kwayo. Kunye nokufunda ivalvu yesango, ikwaqhube uphando olucokisekileyo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa nokusombulula iingxaki zeevalvu zesango.

Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo ebanzi yoyilo lweevalvu zesango, ukusetyenziswa kwazo, ukusombulula iingxaki, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye nezinye iimpawu.

isakhiwo

Ivalvu yesangoUlwakhiwo luqulathe ipleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu, ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu. Izinto ezisisiseko zevalvu yesango ziquka umzimba wayo, isihlalo, ipleyiti yesango, isiqu, ibhonethi, ibhokisi yokuzalisa, i-packing gland, i-stem nut, i-handwheel, njalo njalo. Ubungakanani betshaneli bunokutshintsha kwaye itshaneli ingavalwa kuxhomekeke kwindlela etshintsha ngayo indawo yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu. Umphezulu wokudibana kwepleyiti yesango kunye nesihlalo sevalvu uyagaywa ukuze ivalvu yesango ivaleke kakuhle.

Iivalvu zesangoinokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lwe-wedge kunye nohlobo oluhambelanayo, ngokusekelwe kwimilo eyahlukeneyo yesakhiwo seevalvu zesango.

Isango elimile okwe-wedge levalvu yesango le-wedge liyavalwa (livalwe), kusetyenziswa umsantsa omile okwe-wedge phakathi kwesango kunye nesihlalo se-valve, esenza i-engile e-oblique enomgca ophakathi wetshaneli. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ipleyiti ye-wedge ibe nenkunzi enye okanye ezimbini.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu zesango ezihambelanayo: ezo zinendlela yokwandisa kunye nezo zingenayo, kwaye iindawo zazo zokutywina zithe nkqo kumgca ophakathi wetshaneli kwaye zihambelana. Kukho iinkunzi ezimbini ezinendlela yokusasaza. Iingqukuva zeenkunzi ezimbini ezihambelanayo zoluliwe kwisihlalo sevalvu ngokuchasene ne-gradient ukuthintela umjelo wokuhamba njengoko iinkunzi zisihla. Iingqukuva kunye neengcango ziya kuvulwa xa iinkunzi ziphakama. Ingqukuva ixhaswa yi-boss kwipleyiti yesango, ephakama iye kubude obunikiweyo kwaye yahlula umphezulu ohambelanayo wepleyiti. I-double gate engenandlela yokwandisa isebenzisa uxinzelelo lolwelo ukunyanzela isango nxamnye nomzimba wevalvu kwicala lokukhupha levalvu ukuze ivale ulwelo xa lutyibilika kwisihlalo sevalvu ecaleni kwezihlalo ezimbini ezihambelanayo.

Iivalvu zesango zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: iivalvu zesango lesiqu esinyukayo kunye neevalvu zesango lesiqu esifihlayo ngokusekelwe kwindlela isiqu sevalvu esihamba ngayo xa isango livulwa kwaye livalwa. Xa ivalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo ivulwa okanye ivalwa, ipleyiti yesango kunye nesiqu sevalvu zombini ziyaphakama kwaye ziwe ngaxeshanye. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa ivalvu yesango lesiqu esifihliweyo ivulwa okanye ivalwa, ipleyiti yesango iyaphakama kwaye iwe kwaye isiqu sevalvu siyajikeleza kuphela. Inzuzo yevalvu yesango lesiqu esinyukayo kukuba ukuphakama okuhlalwayo kunokuncipha ngelixa ukuphakama kokuvula kwetshaneli kunokugqitywa kukuphakama kwesiqu sevalvu. Vala ivalvu ngokujikeleza ivili lesandla okanye isiphatho ngokuchasene newotshi ngelixa ujonge kuyo.

Imigaqo yokukhetha iivalvu zesango kunye neemeko

Ivalvu yesango enomfanekiso we-V

Izicelo zeevalvu zesango leslab ziquka:

(1) Ivalvu yesango elithe tyaba enemingxuma yokujika yenza kube lula ukucoca imibhobho ethwala igesi yendalo kunye neoyile.

(2) Iindawo zokugcina ioyile ecociweyo kunye nemibhobho.

(3) Izixhobo zokufumana ioyile negesi.

(4) Iinkqubo zemibhobho ezixhonyiweyo ezizaliswe ziinxalenye.

(5) Umbhobho wokuhambisa igesi yesixeko.

(6) Ukufakelwa kwemibhobho yamanzi.

Indlela yokukhetha ivalvu yesango leslab:

(1) Sebenzisa iivalvu zesango ezinesilabhu enye okanye ezimbini kwimibhobho ethwala igesi yendalo kunye neoyile. Sebenzisa ivalvu yesango enye enevalvu yesango evulekileyo ethe tyaba ukuba kuyimfuneko ukucoca umbhobho.

(2) Iivalvu zesango ezisicaba ezine-ram enye okanye i-ram ephindwe kabini ezingenamingxuma yokujika zikhethwa kwiipayipi zokuthutha ioyile ecociweyo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina.

(3) Iivalvu zesango elinye okanye ezimbini ezinezitulo ezidadayo zentonga efihliweyo kunye nemingxunya yokujika zikhethwa xa kufakelwa izibuko zokukhupha ioyile kunye negesi yendalo.

(4) Iivalvu zesango leslab ezimile okwemela zikhethwa kwiipayipi ezinee-particle media ezixhonyiweyo.

Sebenzisa iivalvu zesango elithambileyo okanye ezitywiniweyo zentonga enyukayo ezithambileyo zesango eliphindwe kabini kwiipayipi zokuhambisa igesi zasezidolophini.

(6) Iivalvu zesango elinye okanye ezimbini ezineentonga ezivulekileyo kwaye ezingenamingxuma yokujika ziyakhethwa xa kufakelwa amanzi empompini.

ivalvu yesango le-wedge

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweevalvu zesango le-wedge: Ivalvu yesango lolona hlobo lwevalvu lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, ayinakusetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukuqhobosha kwaye ifanele kuphela ukuvulwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo.

Iivalvu zesango le-wedge zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezineemeko zokusebenza ezinzima kwaye akukho miqathango ingqongqo yobukhulu bangaphandle bevalvu. Umzekelo, izinto zokuvala ziyimfuneko ukugcina ukuvalwa kwexesha elide xa indawo yokusebenza ishushu kakhulu kwaye iphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.

Ngokubanzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ivalvu yesango le-wedge xa ​​iimeko zenkonzo zifuna ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokutywina, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu (umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo), ukunqunyulwa koxinzelelo oluphantsi (umahluko omncinci woxinzelelo), ingxolo ephantsi, ukugalelwa kwe-cavitation kunye nokufuma, ubushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphakathi, okanye ubushushu obuphantsi (i-cryogenic). Amashishini amaninzi asebenzisa ubunjineli bokubonelela ngamanzi kunye nonyango lwelindle, kubandakanya ishishini lamandla, ukunyibilikisa ipetroli, ishishini le-petrochemical, ioyile yolwandle, uphuhliso lwedolophu, ishishini leekhemikhali, kunye nabanye.
Ikhrayitheriya yokukhetha:

(1) Iimfuneko zeempawu zolwelo lwevalvu. Iivalvu zesango zikhethwa xa kukho ukumelana okuncinci kokuhamba kwamanzi, umthamo omkhulu wokuhamba kwamanzi, iimpawu zokuhamba kwamanzi ezigqwesileyo, kunye neemfuno zokuvala ezingqongqo.

(2) Isixhobo esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, esifana nobushushu obuphezulu, ioyile yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye nomphunga oxinzelelo oluphezulu.

(3) Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cryogenic (esinobushushu obuphantsi). Umzekelo, i-hydrogen engamanzi, ioksijini engamanzi, i-ammonia engamanzi, kunye nezinye izinto.

(4) Ububanzi obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi, njengokucoca amdaka kunye nemisebenzi yamanzi.

(5) Indawo yokufakela: Khetha ivalvu yesango le-stem wedge efihliweyo ukuba ukuphakama kokufakela kulinganiselwe; khetha ivalvu yesango le-stem wedge eveziweyo ukuba akunjalo.

(6) Iivalvu zesango le-wedge zisebenza kuphela xa zinokuvulwa ngokupheleleyo okanye zivalwe ngokupheleleyo; azinakulungiswa okanye zibotshwe nge-throttle.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo kunye Nokulungiswa

iingxaki zevalvu yesango eliqhelekileyo kunye nezizathu zazo

Ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zihlala zivela emva kokuba ivalvu yesango isetyenzisiwe ngenxa yempembelelo yobushushu obuphakathi, uxinzelelo, ukugqwala, kunye nokuhamba kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano.

(1) Ukuvuza: Ukuvuza kwangaphandle kunye nokuvuza kwangaphakathi zezona ndidi zimbini. Ukuvuza kwangaphandle ligama elithetha ukuvuza ngaphandle kwevalvu, kwaye ukuvuza kwangaphandle kubonwa rhoqo kwiibhokisi zokuzalisa kunye noqhagamshelo lweflange.

I-packing gland ikhululekile; umphezulu we-valve stem ukhuhliwe; uhlobo okanye umgangatho we-stuffing awuhlangabezani nemigangatho; i-stuffing iyaguga okanye i-valve stem yonakele.

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela ukuvuza kwiindawo zokudityaniswa kweflange: izinto zegasket ezinganeleyo okanye ubungakanani obunganeleyo; umgangatho ophantsi wokulungiswa komphezulu wokutywina iflange; iibholiti zoqhagamshelo eziqiniswe ngendlela engafanelekanga; umbhobho ocwangciswe ngendlela engafanelekanga; kunye nomthwalo owongezelelweyo ogqithisileyo owenziweyo kwindawo yokudityaniswa.

Izizathu zokuvuza kwangaphakathi kwevalvu ziquka: Ukuvuza kwangaphakathi okubangelwa kukuvalwa kwevalvu okuxekethileyo kubangelwa kukonakala komphezulu wokutywina wevalvu okanye ingcambu exekethileyo yeringi yokutywina.

(1) Umzimba wevalvu, ibhonethi, isiqu sevalvu, kunye nomphezulu wokutywina iflange zihlala ziyimiqobo yokubola. Isenzo se-medium kunye nokukhululwa kwe-ion kwizalisa kunye neegasket zezona zizathu ziphambili zokubola.

(2) Imikrwelo: Ukukrwela okanye ukuxobuka komphezulu okwenzekayo xa isihlalo sevalvu kunye nesango zihamba ngokunxulumene ngelixa zidibana.

Ukugcinwa kwevalvu yesango

(1) Ukulungisa ukuvuza kwevalvu yangaphandle

Ukuthintela i-gland ukuba ingathambeki kwaye ishiye isithuba sokuxinana, ii-gland bolts kufuneka zilinganiswe ngaphambi kokuba zicinezele ukupakisha. Ukuthintela ukuchaphazela ukujikeleza kwesiqu sevalvu, okubangela ukuba ukupakisha kuphelelwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kunciphise ubomi benkonzo yokupakisha, isiqu sevalvu kufuneka sijikeleziswe ngelixa sicinezela ukupakisha ukuze ukupakisha okujikelezeyo kufane kwaye kuthintele uxinzelelo ukuba luqine kakhulu. Umphezulu wesiqu sevalvu uyakrwelwa, okwenza kube lula ukuba i-medium iphume. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, isiqu sevalvu kufuneka sicutshungulwe ukuze kususwe imikrwelo kumphezulu wayo.

Ukuba i-gasket yonakele, kufuneka itshintshwe. Ukuba izinto ze-gasket zikhethwe ngendlela engafanelekanga, kufuneka kukhethwe izinto ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Ukuba umgangatho wokucubungula umphezulu wokutywina we-flange awulingani, umphezulu kufuneka ususwe kwaye ulungiswe. Ukude kube semgangathweni, umphezulu wokutywina we-flange uyacutshungulwa kwakhona.

Ukongeza, ukuqinisa i-flange bolt ngokwaneleyo, ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho okufanelekileyo, kunye nokuphepha uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiintambo ze-flange nako kuyanceda ekuthinteleni ukuvuza konxibelelwano lwe-flange.

(2) Ukulungisa ivalvu yangaphakathi evuzayo

Xa iringi yokutywina ibotshelelwe kwipleyiti yevalvu okanye kwisihlalo ngokucinezela okanye ngokufaka imisonto, ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwangaphakathi kubandakanya ukususa umphezulu wokutywina owonakeleyo kunye nengcambu ekhululekileyo yeringi yokutywina. Akukho ngxaki ngengcambu ekhululekileyo okanye ukuvuza ukuba umphezulu wokutywina unyangwa ngoko nangoko emzimbeni wevalvu kunye nepleyiti yevalvu.

Ukuba umphezulu wokuvala ucutshungulwa ngqo emzimbeni wevalvu kwaye umphezulu wokuvala wonakele kakhulu, umphezulu wokuvala owonakeleyo kufuneka ususwe kuqala. Ukuba umphezulu wokuvala wenziwe yiringi yokuvala, iringi endala kufuneka isuswe kwaye kufuneka kunikwe iringi entsha yokuvala. Iringi entsha yokuvala kufuneka isuswe, kwaye emva koko umphezulu ocutshungulweyo kufuneka ucolwe ube ngumphezulu omtsha wokuvala. Ukugaya kunokususa iimpazamo kumphezulu wokuvala ezingaphantsi kwe-0.05mm ngobukhulu, kubandakanya imikrwelo, amaqhuma, ukutyumza, ukuqhekeka, kunye nezinye iimpazamo.

Ingcambu yeringi yokutywina kulapho kuqala khona ukuvuza. Iteyiphu yeTetrafluoroethylene okanye ipeyinti emhlophe etyebileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe kwisihlalo sevalvu okanye ezantsi kwegroove yeringi yokutywina xa iqinisiwe ngokucinezela. Xa iringi yokutywina ifakelwe intambo, iteyiphu yePTFE okanye ipeyinti emhlophe etyebileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe phakathi kwentambo ukuthintela ulwelo ekuvuzeni phakathi kwentambo.

(3) Ukulungisa iivalvu ezidlakadlaka

Isiqu sevalvu sihlala sinamagophe, kodwa umzimba wevalvu kunye nebhonethi zihlala zibola ngokulinganayo. Iimveliso zokubola kufuneka zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zilungiswe. Ukuba isiqu sevalvu sinemingxuma, kufuneka sifakwe ngomatshini kwi-lathe ukususa uxinano size sizaliswe ngezinto eziya kukhululeka kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kungenjalo, i-filler kufuneka icocwe ngamanzi acocekileyo ukuze kususwe nayiphi na i-filler enokonakalisa isiqu sevalvu.

(4) Ukucoca ii-dings kumphezulu wokuvala

Zama ukuphepha ukukrwela umphezulu wokuvala ngelixa usebenzisa ivalvu, kwaye lumka ungawuvali nge-torque eninzi. Ukugaya kunokususa imikrwelo kumphezulu wokuvala.

Ukuhlola iivalvu ezine zesango

Iivalvu zesango lesinyithi zenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemarike kunye neemfuno zomsebenzisi kule mihla. Kufuneka ube nolwazi ngokuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso kunye nemveliso ngokwayo ukuze ube ngumhloli ophumeleleyo womgangatho wemveliso.

izinto zokuhlola ivalvu yesango lesinyithi

Iimpawu, ubungakanani bodonga obuncinci, uvavanyo loxinzelelo, uvavanyo lweqokobhe, njl.njl. zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Ubungakanani bodonga, uxinzelelo, kunye novavanyo lweqokobhe zezinye zazo kwaye zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhlolwa. Iimveliso ezingafanelekanga zinokuvavanywa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingafanelekanga.

Ngamafutshane, kuyacaca ukuba ukuhlolwa komgangatho wemveliso yeyona nqanaba libalulekileyo lokuhlolwa kwemveliso epheleleyo. Kuphela kukuba nokuqonda okucokisekileyo kwezinto ezihloliweyo apho singenza umsebenzi ongcono wokuhlola. Njengabasebenzi bokuhlola abaphambili, kubalulekile ukuba siqhubeke nokuphucula umgangatho wethu.