1 Amanqaku aphambili okukhetha iivalvu

1.1 Cacisa injongo yevalvu kwisixhobo okanye kwisixhobo

Misela iimeko zokusebenza zevalvu: uhlobo lwendlela yokusebenza efanelekileyo, uxinzelelo lokusebenza, ubushushu bokusebenza kunye neendlela zokulawula ukusebenza, njl.njl.;

1.2 Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lwevalvu

Imfuneko yokukhetha uhlobo lwevalvu ngokuchanekileyo kukuba umyili uyayiqonda ngokupheleleyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Xa abayili bekhetha iintlobo zevalvu, kufuneka baqale baqonde iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwevalvu nganye;

1.3 Chonga indlela yokuphelisa ivalvu

Phakathi koqhagamshelo olunemisonto, uqhagamshelo lweflange, kunye noqhagamshelo olunemiphetho edibeneyo, ezimbini zokuqala zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.Iivalvu ezinemisontoikakhulu ziivalvu ezinobubanzi obuqhelekileyo obungaphantsi kwe-50mm. Ukuba ububanzi bukhulu kakhulu, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukuzifaka nokuvala uqhagamshelo. Iivalvu zoqhagamshelo lweFlange kulula ukuzifaka nokuziqhekeza, kodwa zinkulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu kuneevalvu ezinemisonto, ngoko ke zifanelekile kuqhagamshelo lwemibhobho yobubanzi obahlukeneyo bemibhobho kunye noxinzelelo. Uqhagamshelo oluhlanganisiweyo lufanelekile kwiimeko zomthwalo onzima kwaye luthembekile ngakumbi kuqhagamshelo lweflange. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuziqhekeza nokufaka kwakhona iivalvu ezihlanganisiweyo, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunqunyelwe kwiimeko apho zinokusebenza ngokuthembekileyo ixesha elide, okanye apho iimeko zokusebenza zinzima kwaye ubushushu buphezulu;

1.4 Ukukhethwa kwezinto zevalvu

Xa ukhetha izinto zokwakha ivalvu, iindawo zangaphakathi kunye nomphezulu wokutywina, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iimpawu zomzimba (ubushushu, uxinzelelo) kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali (ukubola) zesixhobo sokusebenza, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe nokucoceka kwesixhobo sokusebenza (ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwamasuntswana aqinileyo). Ukongeza, kufuneka ubhekisele kwimigaqo efanelekileyo yelizwe kunye nesebe lomsebenzisi. Ukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwezinto zevalvu kunokuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo obunoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza okungcono kwevalvu. Ulandelelwano lokukhetha izinto zomzimba wevalvu lu: isinyithi esityhidiweyo-intsimbi yekhabhoni-intsimbi engatyiwayo, kwaye ulandelelwano lokukhetha izinto zeringi yokutywina lu: irabha-ubhedu-intsimbi ye-alloy-F4;

1.5 Ezinye

Ukongeza, izinga lokuhamba kunye nenqanaba loxinzelelo lolwelo oluhamba ngevalvu kufuneka lichongwe kwaye ivalvu efanelekileyo ikhethwe kusetyenziswa ulwazi olufumanekayo (njengeekhathalogu zemveliso yevalvu, iisampulu zemveliso yevalvu, njl.njl.).

2 Intshayelelo kwiivalvu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu, kuquka iivalvu zesango, iivalvu zeglobhu, iivalvu zethrottle, iivalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zeplagi, iivalvu zebhola, iivalvu zombane, iivalvu zediaphragm, iivalvu zokujonga, iivalvu zokhuseleko, iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iitraphu kunye neevalvu zokuvala ezingxamisekileyo, phakathi kwazo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo. Kukho iivalvu zesango, iivalvu zeglobhu, iivalvu zethrottle, iivalvu zeplagi, iivalvu zebhabhathane, iivalvu zebhola, iivalvu zokujonga, iivalvu zediaphragm, njl.

2.1Ivalvu yesango

Ivalvu yesango ibhekisa kwivalvu enomzimba wayo wokuvula nokuvala (ipleyiti yevalvu) eqhutywa sisiqu sevalvu kwaye ihamba phezulu nasezantsi ecaleni komphezulu wokuvala wesihlalo sevalvu ukuze idibanise okanye inqumle umjelo wolwelo. Xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zokumisa, iivalvu zesango zisebenza ngcono ekutywineni, ukumelana nolwelo okuncinci, umgudu omncinci wokuvula nokuvala, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle ekulungiseni. Zezinye zeevalvu zokumisa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Ingxaki kukuba inkulu ngobukhulu kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi kwisakhiwo kunevalvu yokumisa. Umphezulu wokuvala kulula ukuwunxiba kwaye kunzima ukuwugcina, ngoko ke ngokubanzi awufanelekanga ukuqhoboshelwa. Ngokwendawo yomsonto kwisiqu sevalvu yevalvu yesango, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: uhlobo lwesiqu esivulekileyo kunye nohlobo lwesiqu esifihliweyo. Ngokweempawu zesakhiwo sesango, inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lwe-wedge kunye nohlobo oluhambelanayo.

2.2Ivalvu yokumisa

Ivalvu yeglobe yivalvu evala ezantsi. Iindawo zokuvula nezokuvala (iidiski zevalvu) ziqhutywa yisiqu sevalvu ukuze zinyuke zehle zize zihambe ecaleni kwe-axis yesihlalo sevalvu (umphezulu wokutywina). Xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zesango, zisebenza kakuhle ekulawuleni, ukusebenza kakubi kokutywina, ulwakhiwo olulula, ukwenziwa kunye nokugcinwa okulula, ukumelana okukhulu kolwelo, kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Yivalvu yokumisa esetyenziswa rhoqo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho ephakathi nencinci.

2.3 Ivalvu yebhola

Inxalenye yokuvula nokuvala yevalvu yebhola yibhola enomngxuma ojikelezayo. Ibhola ijikeleza ngesiqu sevalvu ukuvula nokuvala ivalvu. Ivalvu yebhola inesakhiwo esilula, ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza lula, ubungakanani bayo buncinci, ubunzima bayo bulula, iindawo ezimbalwa, ukumelana nolwelo oluncinci, ukuvalwa kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwayo kulula.