Indlela esebenza ngayo ivalvu yokukhupha umoya

Ingcamango engasemva kwevalvu yokukhupha umoya yimpembelelo yokufunxa kolwelo kwibhola edadayo. Ibhola edadayo ngokwendalo iya kudada phezulu phantsi kokufunxa kolwelo njengoko inqanaba lolwelo lwevalvu yokukhupha umoya linyuka de lifikelele kumphezulu wokuvala wesango lokukhupha umoya. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo luya kubangela ukuba ibhola ivale ngokwayo. Ibhola iya kuwa kunye nenqanaba lolwelo xaiivalvuInqanaba lolwelo liyehla. Ngeli xesha, i-exhaust port iya kusetyenziselwa ukufaka umoya omninzi kwipayipi. I-exhaust port iyavuleka ize ivale ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yokungabi namandla.

Ibhola edadayo iyama ezantsi kwesitya sebhola xa umbhobho usebenza ukuze ukhuphe umoya omninzi. Kwakamsinya nje ukuba umoya okwipayipi uphele, ulwelo lungena kwivalvu, ludlule kwisitya sebhola edadayo, luze lutyhale ibhola edadayo umva, nto leyo ebangela ukuba idadayo ize ivale. Ukuba kukho igesi encinci exineneyo kwisitya sebhola.ivalvuukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile ngelixa umbhobho usebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, inqanaba lolwelo kwiivalvuiya kuncipha, iflothi nayo iya kuncipha, kwaye igesi iya kukhutshwa ngaphandle komngxuma omncinci. Ukuba ipompo iyayeka, uxinzelelo olubi luya kuveliswa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye ibhola edadayo iya kuwa nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye kuya kwenziwa inani elikhulu lokufunxa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lombhobho. Xa i-buoy iphelile, amandla adonsela phantsi abangela ukuba itsale elinye icala le-lever ezantsi. Kule ndawo, i-lever iyathambekela, kwaye kwakheka umngxuma kwindawo apho i-lever kunye nomngxuma womoya zidibana khona. Ngale mngxuma, umoya uphuma kumngxuma womoya. Ukukhupha kubangela ukuba inqanaba lolwelo linyuke, ukudada kweflothi kunyuke, umphezulu wokuvala kwi-lever ucinezela kancinci umngxuma womoya de uvalwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kule ndawo ivalvu yomoya ivalwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubaluleka kweevalvu zokukhupha umoya

Xa i-buoy iphelile, amandla adonsela phantsi abangela ukuba itsale elinye icala le-lever ezantsi. Kule ndawo, i-lever iyathambekela, kwaye kubekho isithuba kwindawo apho i-lever kunye nomngxuma womoya zidibana khona. Ngale ndawo, umoya uphuma kumngxuma womoya. Ukukhupha umoya kubangela ukuba inqanaba lolwelo linyuke, ukudada kwe-float kunyuke, umphezulu wokuvala kwi-lever ucinezela kancinci kancinci umngxuma womoya ude uvaleke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kule ndawo i-valve yomoya ivalwe ngokupheleleyo.

1. Ukuveliswa kwegesi kwinethiwekhi yemibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi kubangelwa kakhulu zezi meko zintlanu zilandelayo. Lo ngumthombo wegesi kwinethiwekhi yemibhobho yokusebenza eqhelekileyo.

(1) Inethiwekhi yemibhobho inqanyulwe kwezinye iindawo okanye ngokupheleleyo ngesizathu esithile;

(2) ukulungisa nokukhupha izinto ezithile ezikwiinxalenye zemibhobho ngokukhawuleza;

(3) Ivalvu yokukhupha umoya kunye nombhobho aziqinanga ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukufakwa kwegesi kuba izinga lokuhamba komsebenzisi omnye okanye ngaphezulu liguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuze kudalwe uxinzelelo olubi kumbhobho;

(4) Ukuvuza kwegesi okungangeniyo;

(5) Igesi eveliswa luxinzelelo olubi lokusebenza ikhutshwa kumbhobho wokufunxa amanzi kunye ne-impeller.

2. Iimpawu zokuhamba kunye nohlalutyo lomngcipheko wengxowa yomoya yenethiwekhi yokuhambisa amanzi:

Indlela ephambili yokugcina igesi kumbhobho kukuhamba kwe-slug, okubhekisa kwigesi ekhoyo phezulu kombhobho njengeepokotho zomoya ezininzi ezizimeleyo ezingaqhubekiyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ububanzi bombhobho wenethiwekhi yokuhambisa amanzi buyahluka ukusuka kokukhulu ukuya kokuncinci kwicala lokuhamba kwamanzi okuphambili. Umxholo wegesi, ububanzi bombhobho, iimpawu zecandelo lobude bombhobho, kunye nezinye izinto zimisela ubude bebhegi yomoya kunye nendawo esetyenziswayo yamanzi. Izifundo zethiyori kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kubonisa ukuba iibhegi zomoya ziyahamba ngokuhamba kwamanzi ecaleni kombhobho, zihlala ziqokelelana zijikeleze iigophe zemibhobho, iivalvu, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinobubanzi obahlukeneyo, kwaye zivelisa ukuxinana koxinzelelo.

Ubunzima botshintsho kwisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi buya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekunyukeni koxinzelelo olubangelwa kukuhamba kwegesi ngenxa yomgangatho ophezulu wokungaqikeleleki kwisantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kunye necala elikwinethiwekhi yemibhobho. Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lubonise ukuba uxinzelelo lwayo lunokunyuka luye kwi-2Mpa, nto leyo eyaneleyo ukuphula imibhobho eqhelekileyo yokuhambisa amanzi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba utshintsho loxinzelelo kuyo yonke ibhodi luchaphazela inani lee-airbags ezihambayo nangaliphi na ixesha kwinethiwekhi yemibhobho. Oku kwenza utshintsho loxinzelelo lube lubi ngakumbi kumanzi azaliswe yigesi, okwandisa amathuba okugqabhuka kwemibhobho.

Umthamo wegesi, ulwakhiwo lwepayipi, kunye nokusebenza kwazo zonke zizinto ezichaphazela iingozi zegesi kwipayipi. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeengozi: ezicacileyo nezifihlakeleyo, kwaye zombini zineempawu ezilandelayo:

Ezi zilandelayo ngokuyintloko zezona ngozi zicacileyo

(1) Umsi oqinileyo wokukhupha amanzi wenza kube nzima ukudlulisa amanzi
Xa amanzi negesi ziphakathi, i-exhaust port enkulu ye-float type exhaust valve ayenzi msebenzi kwaye ixhomekeke kuphela kwi-micropore exhaust, nto leyo ebangela "ukuvaleka komoya" okukhulu, apho umoya ungakhululwa, ukuhamba kwamanzi kungagudi, kwaye umjelo wokuhamba kwamanzi uvaliwe. Indawo enqamlezileyo iyancipha okanye inyamalale, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyaphazamiseka, amandla enkqubo yokuhambisa ulwelo ayancipha, isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi sendawo siyaphakama, kwaye ukulahleka kwentloko yamanzi kuyanyuka. Ipompo yamanzi kufuneka yandiswe, eya kubiza ngaphezulu ngokubhekiselele kumandla kunye nokuthuthwa, ukuze kugcinwe umthamo wokujikeleza wokuqala okanye intloko yamanzi.

(2) Ngenxa yokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokugqabhuka kwemibhobho okubangelwa kukuphuma komoya okungalinganiyo, inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi ayikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngenxa yokuba ivalvu yokukhupha umoya ikhupha igesi encinci, imibhobho idla ngokuqhekeka. Uxinzelelo lokuqhuma kwegesi olubangelwa yi-subpar exhaust lunokufikelela kwi-atmospheres ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-40, kwaye amandla ayo atshabalalisayo alingana noxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo lwe-atmospheres ezingama-40 ukuya kuma-40, ngokweengqikelelo zethiyori ezifanelekileyo. Nawuphi na umbhobho osetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamanzi unokutshatyalaliswa nguxinzelelo lwe-atmospheres ezingama-80. Kwanentsimbi eqinileyo esetyenziswa kubunjineli inokonakala. Ukuqhuma kwemibhobho kwenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha. Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya umbhobho wamanzi ongama-91 km ubude kwisixeko esikumantla-mpuma eTshayina owaqhuma emva kweminyaka eliqela yokusetyenziswa. Ukufikelela kwi-108 yemibhobho yaqhuma, kwaye izazinzulu ezivela kwiShenyang Institute of Construction and Engineering zafumanisa emva kovavanyo ukuba yayikukuqhuma kwegesi. Ubude bayo buziimitha ezingama-860 kuphela kwaye bunobubanzi bemibhobho obuziimilimitha ezili-1200, umbhobho wamanzi wesixeko esisemazantsi wafumana ukuqhuma kwemibhobho ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezithandathu kunyaka omnye wokusebenza. Isiphelo yayikukuba igesi yokukhupha umoya yayiyeyona ibangela. Ukuqhuma komoya kuphela okubangelwa yi-exhaust yombhobho wamanzi ebuthathaka evela kwi-exhaust eninzi enokubangela umonakalo kwi-valve. Ingxaki ephambili yokuqhuma kombhobho ekugqibeleni isonjululwe ngokutshintsha i-exhaust nge-valve yokukhupha ekhawulezayo enamandla enokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho i-exhaust eninzi.

3) Isantya sokuhamba kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo olutshintshayo kumbhobho zihlala zitshintsha, iiparameter zenkqubo azizinzanga, kwaye ukungcangcazela okukhulu kunye nengxolo kunokuvela ngenxa yokukhululwa okuqhubekayo komoya onyibilikisiweyo emanzini kunye nokwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kunye nokwandiswa kweepokotho zomoya.

(4) Ukugqwala komphezulu wesinyithi kuya kukhawuleziswa kukuvezwa komoya namanzi ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

(5) Umbhobho uvelisa iingxolo ezingathandekiyo.

Iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ezibangelwa kukuqengqeleka kakubi

1 Ulawulo lokuhamba kwamanzi olungachanekanga, ulawulo oluzenzekelayo lwemibhobho olungachanekanga, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko konke oku kunokubangelwa kukuphuma komoya ongcolileyo ngendlela engalinganiyo;

2 Kukho nezinye iindawo ezivuzayo kwimibhobho;

3 Inani lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemibhobho liyanda, kwaye ukuxinana koxinzelelo okuqhubekayo ixesha elide kuyawaphula amalungu emibhobho kunye neendonga, okukhokelela kwimiba equka ubomi obufutshane benkonzo kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokulungisa;

Uphando oluninzi lwethiyori kunye nokusetyenziswa okumbalwa okusebenzayo kubonise indlela okulula ngayo ukulimaza umbhobho wamanzi oxinzelelweyo xa unegesi eninzi.

Ibhulorho yesando samanzi yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kuya kunciphisa ubomi bokusetyenziswa kodonga, kulwenze lube buthathaka ngakumbi, kwandise ukulahleka kwamanzi, kwaye kunokubangela ukuba umbhobho uqhume. Umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuvuza kwemibhobho yamanzi ezidolophini, ngoko ke ukujongana nalo mba kubalulekile. Kukukhetha ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi enokuchithwa kwaye kugcinwe igesi kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi ongezantsi. Ivalvu yokukhupha amanzi ekhawulezayo ngoku iyahlangabezana neemfuno.

Iibhoyila, ii-air conditioner, iipayipi zeoyile negesi, iipayipi zokuhambisa amanzi kunye nezokukhupha amanzi, kunye nokuthuthwa kodaka olude konke oku kufuna ivalvu yokukhupha umoya, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yepayipi. Ihlala ifakelwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo okanye ezingqinibeni ukuze kususwe igesi eyongezelelweyo kwipayipi, kwandiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwepayipi, kwaye kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu zokukhupha umoya

Ubungakanani bomoya onyibilikisiweyo emanzini buhlala bumalunga ne-2VOL%. Umoya ukhutshwa rhoqo emanzini ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhambisa kwaye uqokelelana kwindawo ephezulu yombhobho ukuze kwenziwe ipokotho yomoya (i-AIR POCKET), esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa. Amandla enkqubo yokuthutha amanzi anokuncipha malunga ne-5–15% njengoko amanzi esiba nzima ngakumbi. Injongo ephambili yale valivu yokukhupha amanzi encinci kukususa umoya onyibilikisiweyo we-2VOL%, kwaye ingafakwa kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, kwiipayipi zokuvelisa, nakwizikhululo ezincinci zokumpompa ukukhusela okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kunye nokonga amandla.

Umzimba wevalvu ende yevalvu encinci yokukhupha umoya ene-single-lever (SIMPLE LEVER TYPE) uyafana. Ububanzi bomngxuma wokukhupha umoya obuqhelekileyo busetyenziswa ngaphakathi, kwaye izinto zangaphakathi, eziquka i-float, i-lever, ifreyimu ye-lever, isihlalo sevalvu, njl.njl., zonke zenziwe ngentsimbi engagqwali ye-304S.S kwaye zifanelekile kwiimeko zoxinzelelo olusebenzayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-PN25.