Ukungena kwimarike yaseBangladesh kuyathembisa, kodwa imithetho engaziwayo inokukutsalela. Impazamo elula yemigangatho inokubangela ukuba yonke impahla yakho ikhutshwe, nto leyo enokubiza yonke into ngexesha nemali.

KwiBangladesh, gxila kwimigangatho ye-ASTM, ingakumbi i-D1785 yobukhulu bepayipi kunye ne-D2466 yokufakela iziseko. Uya kudinga nesatifikethi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokuthunyelwa (PSI) esinyanzelekileyo esivela kwiarhente evunyiweyo ukuze ucoce irhafu kakuhle.

Bendikwifowuni neqabane elalifuna ukwandisa iimarike ezintsha eMzantsi Asia. Wayenomdla kakhulu eBangladesh ngenxa yokukhula koshishino lwayo lokwakha. Sichithe ixesha lethu elininzi sixoxa ngento abantu abaninzi abayihoyayo: ayikokufumana abathengi kuphela. Impumelelo ixhomekeke ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zelizwe.imigangatho yomgangatho kunye neemfuno zerhafuukususela ngomhla wokuqala. Ukungakwenzi kakuhle oku kuthetha ukuba iimveliso zakho azisayi kuze ziphume echwebeni. Makhe sichaze izinto ekufuneka uzazi ngokupheleleyo.

Zithini imigangatho ye-ASTM yeepayipi zePVC?

Ubona "i-ASTM" kwiphepha leenkcukacha zemveliso, kodwa yingqokelela nje yoonobumba namanani. Ukukhetha imveliso elandela umgangatho ongafanelekanga kuthetha ukuba izixhobo zakho aziyi kudibana kakuhle nemibhobho yasekuhlaleni.

Imigangatho ye-ASTM ebaluleke kakhulu yi-D1785 kwiishedyuli zemibhobho (ezifana ne-Sch 40/80) kunye ne-D2466/D2467 kwiisokhethi kunye nezixhobo ezinemisonto. Ezi zichaza ubukhulu obuchanekileyo boqhagamshelwano olugqibeleleyo nolungavuziyo.

I-ASTM imele i-American Society for Testing and Materials. Le migangatho isetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuhambelana. Kumthengisi othumela impahla eBangladesh, ayingokhetho; lulwimi olusetyenziswa kwimarike. Xa u-odola i-fit ehambelana ne-American Society for Testing and MaterialsI-ASTM D2466Uyazi ukuba ububanzi bayo kunye nobunzulu bayo bulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iya kungena kakuhle kuyo nayiphi na ipayipi yePVC eyenziweyoI-ASTM D1785umgangatho. Isusa uqikelelo kunye nomngcipheko wokungangqinelani. Ukuqonda ezi khowudi linyathelo lokuqala lokubonelela ngeemveliso ezithembekileyo.

Imigangatho ephambili ye-ASTM ye-PVC

Zithini iiparameter zomgangatho wombhobho wePVC?

Iivalvu ezimbini ezimhlophe zePVC zinokubonakala zifana, kodwa enye inamandla ngelixa enye ibuthathaka. Kufuneka wazi indlela yokuchonga umgangatho ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, kungekhona emva kokuba inkqubo yomthengi iye yawa.

Iiparameters eziphambili zomgangatho kukucoceka kwezinto (i-PVC eyi-100% engabonakaliyo), ukuchaneka kobukhulu, ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo, kunye nokumelana nempembelelo. Ezi ziqinisekiswa ziimvavanyo ezifana noxinzelelo oluqhumayo kunye novavanyo lokuthamba, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide.

Ukufakelwa okusemgangathweni kuqala ngezinto ezisemgangathweni. Sisebenzisa kuphelaI-resin ye-PVC eyi-100% emsulwaAbanye abavelisi bayaxubai-calcium carbonateokanye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko. Oku kwenza imveliso yokugqibela ibe buthathaka kwaye ibe buthathaka ngakumbi, ithambekele ekuqhekekeni phantsi koxinzelelo okanye xa itshayiswa. Ngaphaya kwezinto, umgangatho umalunga nolawulo. Ukuveliswa kwethu ngokuzenzekelayo kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into efakelweyo ihlangabezana nemigangatho echanekileyo. Emva koko, senza uvavanyo oluqinileyo lwebhetshi.uvavanyo loxinzelelo oluqhumayoisixelela uxinzelelo oluphezulu enokuluthwala ngaphambi kokuba ingasebenzi. Uvavanyo lokuyithambisa lubonisa ukuba inokuguquka xa iphantsi koxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayisiyo nje iplastiki emhlophe; yinxalenye yobunjineli elungele umsebenzi onzima.

Ithini imithetho yerhafu yokungenisa impahla eBangladesh?

Ukuthunyelwa kwakho kufika kwizibuko laseChittagong, kodwa kubambekile kuba uphoswe lixwebhu elinye elibalulekileyo. Ngoku ujongene nemirhumo yokugcina yonke imihla kwaye umthengi wakho uqalisa ukuxhalaba.

Ukuze ungenise eBangladesh, kufuneka ube nesatifikethi sokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokuthunyelwa (PSI) esivela kwiarhente evunyiweyo yi-NBR. Esi satifikethi siyimfuneko ekugqityweni kwempahla kwaye siqinisekisa umgangatho, ubungakanani kunye nexabiso lempahla.

Lo ngumthetho obaluleke kakhulu kuye nawuphi na umngenisi eBangladesh. IBhodi yeSizwe yeNgeniso (i-NBR) ifuna ukuba uninzi lweempahla ezingenisiweyo zihlolwe.ngaphambibayalishiya ilizwe labo lokuzalwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Uhlolo lwangaphambi kokuthunyelwa, okanye i-PSI. Njengomvelisi, sisebenzisana nenkampani yokuhlola evunyiweyo yi-NBR efana ne-SGS, i-Bureau Veritas, okanye i-Intertek. Beza kumzi-mveliso wethu, bahlole iimpahla ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahambelana ne-odolo yakho, baze bakhuphe isatifikethi esitywiniweyo. Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa kwi-Bangladesh customs ukuba iimpahla zichazwe kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo. Ngaphandle kwesi satifikethi, ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuya kujongana nokulibaziseka okukhulu, ukuvavanywa kwakhona, kunye nezohlwayo ezinokubakho. Silawula le nkqubo kumaqabane ethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwabo kuhamba kakuhle.

Ithini ikhowudi ye-HS yee-fittings zepayipi ze-PVC?

Uzalisa i-invoyisi yakho yorhwebo kunye ne-bill of lading. Ukusebenzisa ikhowudi ye-HS engalunganga kunokukhokelela kwirhafu yokungenisa impahla engachanekanga, izohlwayo, okanye kwanezityholo zokubhengezwa gwenxa kwi-customs.

Ikhowudi ye-HS ephambili yee-fittings zepayipi ze-PVC yi-3917.40.00. Le khowudi ibandakanya ngokukodwa "Ii-fittings zeetyhubhu, iipayipi kunye neepayipi, zeplastiki." Ukusebenzisa le khowudi ichanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kuhlelwe ngokuchanekileyo.

IIkhowudi yeNkqubo eHlanganisiweyo (HS)lulwimi olusetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela lokwahlulahlula iimveliso ngokwesiko. Ukuyilungisa kubalulekile. Masiyihlalutye le nkcazelo3917.40.00:

• Isahluko 39:Iiplastiki kunye nezinto zazo.
• Isihloko 3917:Iityhubhu, iipayipi kunye neepayipi, kunye nezinto ezifakelwayo zeplastiki.
• Isihloko esingaphantsi 3917.40:Izixhobo.

Olu nqanaba lokuchaneka luxelela igunya leerhafu eBangladesh kanye kanye into ekwisikhongozeli sakho. Le khowudi imisela izingairhafu yokungenisa impahlaUza kuhlawula. Ikhowudi engalunganga inokubangela ukulibaziseka ixesha elide ngelixa amagosa ehlela kwakhona iimpahla zakho. Soloko uqinisekisa ukuba le khowudi ichazwe ngokucacileyo kuwo onke amaxwebhu akho okuthumela ukuze uthintele naziphi na iingxaki echwebeni. Yinkcukacha encinci ekusindisa kwiintloko ezibuhlungu.

Isiphelo

Impumelelo eBangladesh ifuna ukuqonda imigangatho ye-ASTM, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukufumana isatifikethi se-PSI, kunye nokusebenzisa ikhowudi ye-HS efanelekileyo. Fumana ezi lungelo ukuze wakhe ishishini lokungenisa eliqinileyo nelinenzuzo.