UKUSETYENZISWA KWEEVALVU

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zenkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwamanzi eyilwe kakuhle, kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu. Zilawula apho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi zinokuya khona nalapho zingenakungena khona. Izixhobo zokwakha ziyahluka ngokwemigaqo yendawo, kodwa i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC), intsimbi engatyiwayo, kunye nobhedu/ubhedu zezona zixhaphakileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo. Iiprojekthi ezenzelwe ukuhlangabezana "noMngeni woLwakhiwo oluPhilayo" zifuna imigangatho eqinileyo yokwakha eluhlaza kwaye ziyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kwePVC kunye nezinye izinto ezithathwa njengeziyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo ngenxa yeenkqubo zokuvelisa okanye iindlela zokulahla.

Ukongeza kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, kukho iindlela zoyilo kunye nohlobo lwevalvu. Eli nqaku liza kujonga uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwamanzi emvula kunye namanzi amdaka kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeevalvu kuyilo ngalunye.

Ngokubanzi, indlela amanzi aqokelelweyo aza kusetyenziswa ngayo kwakhona kunye nendlela asetyenziswa ngayo ikhowudi zemibhobho yendawo kuya kuchaphazela uhlobo lwevalvu esetyenziswayo. Enye inyani eqwalaselwayo kukuba ubungakanani bamanzi afumanekayo okuqokelelwa busenokunganeli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwakhona eziyi-100%. Kwimeko enjalo, amanzi asekhaya (amanzi okusela) anokubandakanywa kwinkqubo yokulungisa intswelo.

Eyona nkxalabo iphambili yee-arhente zolawulo lwempilo yoluntu kunye nemibhobho kukwahlula imithombo yamanzi yasekhaya ekudibaneni kwamanzi aqokelelweyo kunye nongcoliseko olunokwenzeka lwamanzi okusela asekhaya.

UKUGCINWA/UCOCEKO

Itanki yamanzi yemihla ngemihla ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlamba izindlu zangasese kunye nezikhongozeli zokubulala iintsholongwane ukuze kusetyenziswe ezinye izinto ezongezelelweyo kwinqaba yokupholisa. Kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kuqhelekile ukupompa amanzi ngqo kwidama ukuze asetyenziswe kwakhona. Kwimeko enjalo, amanzi angena ngqo kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokucoca kunye nokucoca ngaphambi kokuba ashiye izitshizi zenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela.

Iivalvu zebhola zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela amanzi kuba zinokuvula kwaye zivale ngokukhawuleza, zinokusasazwa ngokupheleleyo kwezibuko kunye nokulahleka koxinzelelo oluphantsi. Uyilo oluhle luvumela izixhobo ukuba zibekwe zodwa ukuze zigcinwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa yonke inkqubo. Umzekelo, indlela eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisaiivalvu zebholakwiimpompo zetanki ukulungisa izixhobo ezisezantsi ngaphandle kokukhupha yonke into etankini. Ipompo inevalvu yokwahlulahlula, evumela ukuba ipompo ilungiswe ngaphandle kokukhupha yonke into epayipini. Ivalvu yokuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi (ivalvu yokujonga) ikwasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuzahlula (Umfanekiso 3).

UKUTHINTELA UNGCOLISO/UNYANGO

Ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwamanzi. Iivalvu zokujonga ezijikelezayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi kwimibhobho xa ipompo ivaliwe kwaye uxinzelelo lwenkqubo lulahlekile. Iivalvu zokujonga zikwasetyenziselwa ukuthintela amanzi asekhaya okanye amanzi aqokelelweyo ukuba angabuyeli, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amanzi angcoliswe okanye angene apho kungekho mntu uwafunayo.

Xa ipompo yokulinganisa ifaka iikhemikhali zedayi yekhlorine okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumgca oxinzelelweyo, kusetyenziswa ivalvu encinci yokujonga ebizwa ngokuba yivalvu yokujova.

Ivalvu enkulu yokujonga i-wafer okanye idiski isetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo yokugcwala kwitanki yokugcina amanzi ukuthintela ukubuya kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokungena kweempuku kwinkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwamanzi.

17 amanzi apheleleyo umfanekiso 5 Iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza ngesandla okanye ngombane zisetyenziswa njengeevalvu ezivaliweyo kwiipayipi ezinkulu (Umfanekiso 5). Kwiinkqubo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, iivalvu zebhabhathane ezisebenza ngesandla, ezisebenza ngegiya zisetyenziselwa ukuvala ukuhamba kwamanzi kwitanki yamanzi, edla ngokubamba amakhulu amawaka eegaloni zamanzi, ukuze ipompo ekwiqula elimanzi ilungiswe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokulula. Ulwandiso lweshaft luvumela ulawulo lweevalvu ezingaphantsi kwethambeka ukusuka kwinqanaba lethambeka.

Abanye abayili basebenzisa iivalvu zebhabhathane zohlobo lwe-lug, ezinokususa imibhobho esezantsi, ukuze ivalvu ibe yivalvu evaliweyo. Ezi valve zebhabhathane ze-lug zibotshelelwe kwiiflanges ezidibanayo kumacala omabini evalvu. (Ivalvu yebhabhathane ye-wafer ayivumeli lo msebenzi). Qaphela ukuba kuMfanekiso 5, ivalvu kunye nolwandiso zifumaneka emthonjeni omanzi, ngoko ke ivalvu inokulungiswa ngaphandle kwebhokisi yevalvu.

Xa izicelo eziphantsi ezifana nokutsalwa kwetanki yamanzi kufuneka ziqhube ivalvu, ivalvu yombane ayilokhetho olusebenzayo kuba i-actuator yombane idla ngokungasebenzi xa kukho amanzi. Kwelinye icala, iivalvu zomoya zihlala zingabandakanywa ngenxa yokunqongophala komoya ocinezelweyo. Iivalvu ezisebenza nge-hydraulic (hydraulic) zihlala zisisombululo. I-solenoid yomqhubi wombane ebekwe ngokukhuselekileyo kufutshane nephaneli yokulawula inokuhambisa amanzi acinezelweyo kwi-actuator ye-hydraulic evalekileyo, enokuvula okanye ivale ivalvu nokuba i-actuator ingaphantsi kwamanzi. Kwii-actuators ze-hydraulic, akukho ngozi yokuba amanzi adibane ne-actuator, njengoko kunjalo nakwii-actuators zombane.

ukuququmbela
Iinkqubo zokusebenzisa amanzi kwakhona kwindawo azifani nezinye iinkqubo ekufuneka zilawule ukuhamba kwamanzi. Uninzi lwemigaqo esebenza kwiivalvu nakwezinye iinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi ngoomatshini zamkelwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zale ntsimi intsha yoshishino lwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubizo lwezakhiwo ezizinzileyo lusanda imihla ngemihla, olu shishino lunokuba lubalulekile kushishino lweevalvu.