1. Ivalvu yesango: Ivalvu yesango ibhekisa kwivalvu enelungu layo lokuvala (isango) elihamba kwicala elithe nkqo le-axis yetshaneli. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukusika i-medium kumbhobho, oko kukuthi, evuleke ngokupheleleyo okanye evaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Iivalvu zesango eliqhelekileyo azinakusetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba. Zingasetyenziswa kubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zevalvu. Nangona kunjalo, iivalvu zesango ngokubanzi azisetyenziswa kwimibhobho ethutha imidiya efana nodaka.

inzuzo:
1. Ukumelana okuncinci kolwelo;
2. I-torque efunekayo ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni incinci;
3. Ingasetyenziswa kumbhobho wenethiwekhi yeringi apho i-medium ihamba khona kumacala amabini, oko kukuthi, indlela yokuhamba kwe-medium ayithintelwanga;
4. Xa ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo, umphezulu wokutywina awukhukuliseki kakhulu yindlela yokusebenza kunevalvu yeglobe;
5. Imilo kunye nolwakhiwo zilula kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ilungile;
6. Ubude besakhiwo bufutshane kakhulu.

isiphene:
1. Ubungakanani kunye nokuphakama kokuvula kukhulu, kwaye indawo yokufaka efunekayo nayo inkulu;
2. Kwinkqubo yokuvula nokuvala, umphezulu wokuvala uyakhuhlana, kwaye ukungqubana kukhulu, kwaye kulula ukubangela ukurhawuzelelwa nokuba kushushu kakhulu;
3. Ngokubanzi, iivalvu zesango zineendawo ezimbini zokutywina, ezongeza ubunzima ekucutshungulweni, ekugayweni nasekugcinweni;
4. Ixesha lokuvula nelokuvala lide.

2. Ivalvu yebhabhathane: Ivalvu yebhabhathane luhlobo lwevalvu esebenzisa iindawo zokuvula nokuvala uhlobo lwediski ukuze ijike ibuyele umva malunga nama-90° ukuvula, ukuvala nokulungisa indlela yolwelo.

inzuzo:
1. Ulwakhiwo olulula, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obulula, izinto ezisetyenziswa kancinci, azisetyenziswa kwiivalvu ezinkulu;
2. Ukuvula nokuvala ngokukhawuleza, ukumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi okuncinci;
3. Ingasetyenziselwa imidiya eneenxalenye eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa imidiya engumgubo kunye ne-granular ngokwendlela enamandla ngayo umphezulu wokutywina. Ifanelekile ukuvula nokuvala okuneendlela ezimbini kunye nokulungisa imibhobho yokungenisa umoya kunye nokususa uthuli, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimibhobho yegesi kunye nemijelo yamanzi kwi-metallurgy, kushishino lokukhanya, kumbane, kwiinkqubo ze-petrochemical, njl.njl.

isiphene:
1. Uluhlu lohlengahlengiso lokuhamba kwamanzi alukhulu. Xa ukuvulwa kufikelele kwi-30%, ukuhamba kwamanzi kuya kungena ngaphezulu kwe-95%.
2. Ngenxa yokunciphisa ulwakhiwo lwevalvu yebhabhathane kunye nezinto zokutywina, ayifanelekanga kwinkqubo yemibhobho enobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza bungaphantsi kwama-300°C nangaphantsi kwe-PN40.
3. Ukusebenza kokutywina kuphantsi kuneevalvu zebhola kunye neevalvu zeglobe, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kwiindawo apho iimfuno zokutywina zingekho phezulu kakhulu.

3. Ivalvu yebhola: Iphuhliswe kwivalvu yeplagi. Inxalenye yayo yokuvula nokuvala yisphere, kwaye umzimba wokuvala ujikeleziswa ngama-90° ujikeleze i-axis yesiqu sevalvu ukufezekisa injongo yokuvula nokuvala. Ivalvu yebhola isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukusika, ukusasaza nokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo esikwipayipi, kwaye ivalvu yebhola eyilwe ngokuvulwa okufana no-V inomsebenzi olungileyo wokulawula ukuhamba.

inzuzo:
1. Inokumelana okuphantsi kokuhamba kwamanzi (ngokwenene yi-0);
2. Ngenxa yokuba ayizukubambeka xa isebenza (kwi-lubricant), ingafakwa ngokuthembekileyo kwi-media ebolayo kunye nolwelo olusezantsi;
3. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, inokufikelela ekutywinweni okupheleleyo;
4. Ingenza ukuvulwa nokuvalwa ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lokuvulwa nokuvalwa kwezinye izakhiwo yi-0.05 ~ 0.1s kuphela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuzenzekela yebhentshi yovavanyo. Xa ivula kwaye ivala ivalvu ngokukhawuleza, akukho shock isebenza.
5. Ilungu lokuvala eliyingqukuva linokubekwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwindawo yomda;
6. Indawo yokusebenza ivalwe ngokuthembekileyo kumacala omabini;
7. Xa ivuliwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo, umphezulu wokutywina webhola kunye nesihlalo sevalvu ziyahlukaniswa kwi-medium, ngoko ke i-medium edlula kwivalvu ngesantya esiphezulu ayizukubangela ukukhukuliseka komphezulu wokutywina;
8. Ngesakhiwo esincinci kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, ingathathwa njengesakhiwo sevalvu esifanelekileyo kwinkqubo ephakathi yobushushu obuphantsi;
9. Umzimba wevalvu ulingana, ingakumbi isakhiwo somzimba wevalvu edibeneyo, esinokumelana kakuhle noxinzelelo oluvela kumbhobho;
10. Iindawo zokuvala zinokumelana nomahluko ophezulu woxinzelelo xa zivala.
11. Ivalvu yebhola enomzimba odibeneyo ngokupheleleyo inokungcwatywa ngqo emhlabeni, ukuze iindawo zangaphakathi zevalvu zingadli, kwaye ubomi benkonzo obuphezulu bufikelele kwiminyaka engama-30. Yeyona valve ifanelekileyo kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi yendalo.

isiphene:
1. Ngenxa yokuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiringi yokutywina isihlalo kwivalvu yebhola yipolytetrafluoroethylene, ayisebenzi phantse kuzo zonke izinto zeekhemikhali, kwaye inomlinganiselo omncinci wokungqubana, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ayilugugi lula, uluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kobushushu kunye nokusebenza kokutywina Iimpawu ezigqibeleleyo ezibanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iipropati zomzimba zePTFE, kubandakanya umlinganiselo ophezulu wokwandiswa, ukuvakalelwa kukuhamba kobushushu kunye nokuqhuba kakubi kobushushu, zifuna ukuba izitywino zesihlalo zenziwe zijikeleze ezi mpawu. Ke ngoko, xa izinto zokutywina ziqina, ukuthembeka kwesitywino kuyaphazamiseka. Ngaphezu koko, iPTFE inomlinganiselo ophantsi wobushushu kwaye ingasetyenziswa kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-180°C. Ngaphezulu kobu bushushu, izinto zokutywina ziya kuguga. Kwimeko yokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ngokubanzi ayisetyenziswa kwi-120°C.
2. Ukusebenza kwayo kohlengahlengiso kubi kakhulu kune-globe valve, ingakumbi i-pneumatic valve (okanye i-electric valve).

4. Ivalvu yeGlobe: ibhekisa kwivalvu enelungu layo lokuvala (idiski) elihamba kumgca ophakathi wesihlalo sevalvu. Ngokwemo yokuhamba kwediski, utshintsho lwesango lesihlalo sevalvu luhambelana nokubetha kwediski. Ngenxa yokuba ukubetheka okanye ukuvala kwesiqu sevalvu solu hlobo lwevalvu kufutshane, kwaye kunomsebenzi othembekileyo kakhulu wokunqunyulwa, kwaye ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lokuvuleka kwesihlalo sevalvu luhambelana nokubetha kwediski yevalvu, lufanelekile kakhulu ukulungiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi. Ke ngoko, olu hlobo lwevalvu lufanelekile kakhulu ekusikeni okanye ekulawuleni nasekuqhobosheni.

inzuzo:
1. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvula nokuvala, ekubeni amandla okungqubana phakathi kwediski kunye nomphezulu wokutywina womzimba wevalvu emancinci kuneyevalvu yesango, ayigugi.
2. Ukuphakama kokuvula ngokubanzi yi-1/4 yetshaneli yesihlalo, ngoko ke incinci kakhulu kunevalvu yesango;
3. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho umphezulu omnye wokutywina emzimbeni wevalvu kunye nediski yevalvu, ngoko ke inkqubo yokuvelisa ilungile kwaye kulula ukuyigcina.
4. Ekubeni i-filler idla ngokuba ngumxube we-asbestos kunye ne-graphite, inqanaba lokumelana nobushushu liphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ii-valve zomphunga zisebenzisa ii-globe valves.

isiphene:
1. Ekubeni indlela yokuhamba kwesixhobo esidlula kwivalvu itshintshile, ukumelana nokuhamba kwevalvu yehlabathi kuphezulu kunezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu;
2. Ngenxa yokubetha ixesha elide, isantya sokuvula sicotha kuneso sevalvu yebhola.

5. Ivalvu yeplagi: Ibhekisa kwivalvu ejikelezayo enenxalenye yokuvala efana neplunger. Ngokujikeleza kwe-90°, isango letshaneli kwiplagi yevalvu liqhagamshelwe okanye lahlulwe kwisango letshaneli emzimbeni wevalvu ukuze kuvuleke okanye kuvalwe. Imilo yeplagi yevalvu inokuba yi-cylindrical okanye i-conical. Umgaqo wayo ufana kakhulu nowevalvu yebhola. Ivalvu yebhola yenziwe ngokusekelwe kwivalvu yeplagi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwe-oyile nakwishishini le-petrochemical.

6. Ivalvu yokhuseleko: isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhusela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwimikhumbi yoxinzelelo, izixhobo okanye imibhobho. Xa uxinzelelo kwisixhobo, kwisikhongozeli okanye kumbhobho lunyuka ngaphezu kwexabiso elivumelekileyo, ivalvu iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ize emva koko ikhuphe ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela isixhobo, isikhongozeli okanye umbhobho kunye noxinzelelo ukuba luqhubeke lunyuka; xa uxinzelelo luhla luye kwixabiso elichaziweyo, ivalvu kufuneka ivale ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha ukukhusela ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo, izikhongozeli okanye imibhobho.

7. Umgibe womphunga: Amanye amanzi aqunyiweyo aya kwenziwa ekuthuthweni komphunga, umoya oxinzelelweyo kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwesixhobo, ezi zinto zingasebenziyo neziyingozi kufuneka zikhutshwe ngexesha ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa nokhuseleko lwesixhobo. Inemisebenzi elandelayo: 1. Ingasusa ngokukhawuleza amanzi aqunyiweyo; 2. Ukuthintela ukuvuza komphunga; 3. Susa umoya kunye nezinye iigesi ezingaqunyiweyo.

8. Ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo: Yivalvu enciphisa uxinzelelo lokungena ukuya kuxinzelelo oluthile olufunekayo lokukhupha ngokulungelelanisa, kwaye ixhomekeke kumandla esixhobo ngokwaso ukugcina ngokuzenzekelayo uxinzelelo lokukhupha oluzinzileyo.

9. Ivalvu yokujonga: eyaziwa ngokuba yivalvu yokuhamba ebuyela umva, ivalvu yokujonga, ivalvu yoxinzelelo lomqolo kunye nevalvu yendlela enye. Ezi valve zivulwa kwaye zivalwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngamandla aveliswa kukuhamba kwesixhobo ngokwaso kwipayipi, oluluhlobo lwevalvu ezenzekelayo. Ivalvu yokujonga isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yepayipi, kwaye umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuthintela ukuhamba okubuyela umva kwesixhobo, ukujikeleza okubuyela umva kwepompo kunye nemoto yokuqhuba, kunye nokukhutshwa kwesixhobo sekhonteyina. Iivalvu zokujonga zikwasetyenziswa kwimigca ebonelela ngeenkqubo ezincedisayo apho uxinzelelo lunokunyuka ngaphezu koxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Ingahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi ngohlobo lwe-swing (olujikelezayo ngokweziko lomxhuzulane) kunye nohlobo lokuphakamisa (oluhamba ecaleni kwe-axis)