I-Taboo 11

Ivalvu ayifakelwanga kakuhle. Umzekelo, ivalvu yeglobhu okanyeiivalvu zokujongaIcala lokuhamba kwamanzi (okanye umphunga) lichasene nelesibonakaliso, kwaye isiqu sevalvu sifakwe ezantsi. Ivalvu yokujonga ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo endaweni yokuyibeka ngokuthe tye. Kude nomnyango wokuhlola, nceda.

Iziphumo: Ivalvu ayisebenzi kakuhle, kunzima ukuyilungisa iswitshi, kwaye isiqu sevalvu sihlala sijonge ezantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvuzeni kwamanzi.
Imilinganiselo: Landela imiyalelo yokufaka ivalvu ngoonobumba. Shiya ubude obaneleyo bokuvula ukuze kwandiswe isiqu se-stem.iivalvu zesangongeziqu eziphakamayo. Qaphela ngokupheleleyo indawo yokujika yesiphatho ngelixa usebenzisa iivalvu zebhabhathane. Iziqu zeevalvu ezahlukeneyo akufuneki zibekwe ngaphantsi kunezithe tye okanye ezantsi. Ukongeza ekubeni nocango lokuhlola olunokwamkela ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kweevalvu, iivalvu ezifihliweyo kufuneka zibe nesiqu sevalvu sijonge ucango lokuhlola.

I-Taboo 12

Iivalvu ezifakiweyoIimodeli kunye neenkcukacha azihambelani nemigangatho yoyilo. Umzekelo, umbhobho wokufunxa ipompo yomlilo usebenzisa ivalvu yebhabhathane xa ububanzi bombhobho bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm, kwaye umbhobho owomileyo nowomileyo wokufudumeza amanzi ashushu usebenzisa ivalvu yokumisa xa uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwevalvu lungaphantsi koxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo.

Iziphumo: ukutshintsha indlela ivalvu evula nevala ngayo rhoqo, kunye nendlela ehlengahlengiswa ngayo ukumelana, uxinzelelo, kunye neminye imisebenzi. Okubi nangakumbi, kukhokelela ekubeni ivalvu iphuke kwaye ifune ukulungiswa ngelixa inkqubo isetyenziswa.

Imilinganiselo: Yazi uluhlu lwezicelo zeevalvu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukhethe iinkcukacha zevalvu kunye nomzekelo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoyilo. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwevalvu kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zoxinzelelo lovavanyo lwenkqubo. Ngokomgangatho wesakhiwo, ivalvu yokumisa kufuneka isetyenziswe xa ububanzi bombhobho wamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana ne-50mm; xa iphezulu kune-50mm, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ivalvu yesango. Iivalvu zebhabhathane akufuneki zisetyenziselwe imibhobho yokufunxa ipompo yomlilo, kwaye iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziselwe iivalvu zokulawula ezomileyo nezishushu zokufudumeza amanzi ashushu.

I-Taboo 13

Ngaphambi kokuba ivalvu ifakwe, uhlolo lomgangatho olufunekayo alwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho.

Iziphumo: Ukuvuza kwamanzi (okanye umphunga) kwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo kuba iswitshi yevalvu iyaguquguquka kwaye ukuvalwa kwayo akungqongqo, nto leyo edinga ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwakhona kwaye ichaphazela nokunikezelwa kwamanzi rhoqo (okanye umphunga).

Amanyathelo: Uvavanyo lwamandla okuxinwa kunye nokuqina kufuneka lugqitywe ngaphambi kokufaka ivalvu. I-10% yebhetshi nganye (uphawu olufanayo, iinkcukacha ezifanayo, imodeli efanayo) kufuneka ikhethwe ngokungacwangciswanga kuvavanyo, kodwa kungabi ngaphantsi kweyodwa. Uvavanyo lwamandla kunye nokuqina kufuneka lwenziwe nganye ngexesha kwivalvu nganye yesekethe evaliweyo ebekwe kumbhobho oyintloko oza kunqunyulwa. "Ikhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woLwakhiwo loNikezelo lwaManzi eZakhiwo, uMjelo woMbane kunye noBunjineli bokuFudumeza" (GB 50242-2002) kufuneka ilandelwe kuxinzelelo lovavanyo lwamandla kunye nokuqina kwevalvu.

I-Taboo 14

Uninzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, oomatshini, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni azinazo izatifikethi zokufaneleka kwemveliso okanye amaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa afunekayo kurhulumente okanye kurhulumente ukuze kufezekiswe iikhrayitheriya zangoku.

Iziphumo: Umgangatho ophantsi weprojekthi, iingozi ezifihlakeleyo zeengozi, ukungakwazi ukugqitywa ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo, kunye nesidingo sokulungiswa ngokutsha konke oku kunegalelo ekwandiseni ixesha lokwakha kunye nokwanda kwamandla kunye nezinto ezifunekayo.

Amanyathelo: Iimveliso eziphambili, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kubonelelo lwamanzi, imibhobho yamanzi, ukufudumeza, kunye nococeko kufuneka zibe namaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye izatifikethi zokufaneleka kwemveliso ezikhutshwe lilizwe okanye lisebe elijongene nemigangatho yangoku; amagama emveliso yazo, iimodeli, iinkcukacha, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho wesizwe kufuneka ziphawulwe. Igama lekhowudi, umhla wokwenziwa, igama lomenzi kunye nendawo, isatifikethi sokuhlolwa, okanye igama lekhowudi yemveliso yangaphambili yomzi-mveliso.

I-Taboo 15

I-Valve Flip

Iziphumo: Ulwalathiso luphawu lweevalvu ezininzi, kuquka iivalvu zokujonga, iivalvu ze-throttle, iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye neevalvu zokumisa. Isiphumo sokusebenzisa kunye nobomi bevalvu ye-throttle ziya kuphazamiseka ukuba zibekwe zijonge ezantsi; zinokuba yingozi.

Imilinganiselo: Kukho uphawu lwendlela emzimbeni wevalvu yeevalvu eziqhelekileyo; ukuba akukho phawu lwendlela, ivalvu kufuneka ichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwindlela esebenza ngayo. Ulwelo kufuneka ludlule kwizibuko levalvu ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ukuze ukuvulwa konge abasebenzi (kuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi luphezulu) kwaye i-medium ingacinezeli ukupakisha emva kokuvala, nto leyo elula ukuyilungisa. I-valve cavity yevalvu yokumisa ayilingani ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Ivalvu yeglobe ayinakujikwa ngenxa yoku.

Ukufaka ivalvu yesango ijonge ezantsi, ivili lesandla liphantsi, kuya kubangela ukuba i-medium ihlale kwindawo yebhonethi ixesha elide, nto leyo engalunganga ekuboleni kwesiqu sevalvu kwaye ichasene nemithetho yeenkqubo ezithile. Ukutshintsha ukupakisha ngaxeshanye akulunganga kakhulu. Isiqu sevalvu esiveziweyo siya konakala ngenxa yokufuma ukuba ivalvu yesango lesiseko esinyukayo ifakwe phantsi komhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuba idiski ime nkqo xa ufaka ivalvu yokujonga ukuphakama ukuze iphakanyiswe lula. Qinisekisa ukuba i-pin shaft ithe tye xa ufaka ivalvu yokujonga ukujika ukuze ivulwe ngokukhululekileyo. Kwipayipi ethe tye, ivalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka ifakwe ngokuthe tye; akufuneki ithambeke nangayiphi na indlela.

I-Taboo 16

Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwevalvu ngesandla, amandla agqithisileyo

Iziphumo: ziyahluka ukusuka kumonakalo wevalvu ukuya kwiziganeko ezibi kakhulu

Amanyathelo: Amandla omphezulu wokutywina kunye namandla okuvala afunekayo ayathathelwa ingqalelo xa kuyilwa ivalvu yesandla, kunye nevili layo lesandla okanye isiphatho, somsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yoko, ayinakushukunyiswa ngesiphatho eside okanye i-lever. Abanye abantu baqhele ukusebenzisa isiphatho, kwaye kufuneka balumke kakhulu ukuba bangasebenzisi amandla amaninzi kuba ukwenza njalo kungonakalisa umphezulu wokutywina ngokulula okanye kubangele ukuba isiphatho saphule ivili lesandla kunye nesiphatho. Amandla asetyenziswa ukuvula nokuvala ivalvu kufuneka ahambelane kwaye angaphazanyiswa.

Ezinye iindawo zevalvu ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezibetha zivuleka zize zivale ziye zaqwalasela into yokuba la mandla okubetha awanakufana nalawo eevalvu eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuba zivulwe, ivalvu yomphunga kufuneka itshiswe, kwaye amanzi aqunyiweyo kufuneka akhutshwe amanzi. Ukuthintela ihamile yamanzi, kufuneka ivulwe kancinci kangangoko. Ivili lesandla kufuneka lijikeleziswe kancinci emva kokuba ivalvu ivulwe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuqiniswe imisonto kwaye kuthintelwe ukukhululeka nokonakala.

Kwiivalvu zesiqu eziphakamayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isiqu sikwindawo ephi xa sivuliwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye sivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela ukubetheka embindini ophezulu ofileyo. Ukongeza, kulula ukufumanisa ukuba siqhelekile na xa sivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Indawo yesiqu sevalvu iya kutshintsha xa sivaliwe ngokupheleleyo ukuba isiqu sevalvu siyaphuka okanye ukuba kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifakwe phakathi kwetywina levalvu. Ivalvu ingavulwa kancinci ukuvumela ukuhamba kwesantya esiphezulu sesixhobo ukuba kuhlambe ukungcola okukhulu kombhobho ngaphambi kokuba kuvalwe kancinci (ungavali ngequbuliso okanye ngamandla ukuze uphephe ukungcola okushiyekileyo okucinezela umphezulu wokuvala). Yiqalise kwakhona, yenza oku izihlandlo ezininzi, hlamba ukungcola, uze uyisebenzise njengesiqhelo.

Xa kuvalwa iivalvu ezihlala zivulekile, naluphi na ukungcola okukumphezulu wokuvala kufuneka kucinywe kusetyenziswa indlela ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba ivalvu ivalwe ngokusesikweni. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakalisa isikwere sesiqu sevalvu, ukuba ivalvu ayivuleki kwaye ivale, kwaye kubangele iingozi ezinxulumene nemveliso, ivili lesandla kunye nesiphatho kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba zaphukile okanye zilahlekile. Isikrufu esiguquguqukayo asinakusetyenziswa ukuzitshintsha. Emva kokuba ivalvu ivaliwe, ezinye iindlela ziyaphola, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ivalvu inciphe. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba umngxuma ungaveli kumphezulu wokuvala, umqhubi kufuneka awuvale kwakhona ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba kuvela ngexesha lotyando ukuba unzima kakhulu, unobangela kufuneka uphandwe.

Kunokwenzeka ukulungisa ukupakisha ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuxinene kakhulu. Abasebenzi kufuneka baziswe ukuba balungise isiqu sevalvu ukuba sigobile. Ukuba ivalvu kufuneka ivulwe ngeli xesha, umsonto wesiciko sevalvu ungakhululwa ngesiqingatha sesangqa ukuya kwisangqa esinye ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo kwisiqu sevalvu, uze ujike ivili lesandla. Kwezinye iivalvu, xa ivalvu ikwimeko yokuvalwa, inxalenye yokuvala iya kwanda ngenxa yobushushu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyivula.

I-Taboo 17

Ukufakelwa okungafanelekanga kweevalvu zokusingqongileyo ezinobushushu obuphezulu

Iziphumo: Kubangela ukuchitheka

Amanyathelo: Ekubeni iivalvu zobushushu obuphezulu ezingaphezulu kwama-200°C zifakelwa kubushushu begumbi, kufuneka ziqiniswe ukuze kugcinwe "ukuqina kobushushu" emva kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo xa ubushushu bunyuka, iibholiti ziyanda ngenxa yobushushu, kwaye umsantsa uyanda. Abaqhubi kufuneka bagxile kulo msebenzi kuba ukuvuza kungenzeka lula ngaphandle kwawo.

I-Taboo 18

Ukungabikho kwamanzi amdaka xa kubanda

Imilinganiselo: Amanzi aqokelelene emva kwevalvu yamanzi kufuneka asuswe xa kubanda ngaphandle kwaye ivalvu yamanzi ivaliwe okwethutyana. Amanzi ajiyileyo kufuneka akhutshwe xa ivalvu yomphunga icimile umphunga. Umzantsi wevalvu ufana neplagi enokuvulwa ukuze kuphume amanzi.

I-Taboo 19

Ivalvu engeyiyo yesinyithi, amandla okuvula nokuvala makhulu kakhulu

Iindlela zokulinganisa: Iivalvu ezingezizo ezesinyithi ziza ngamandla ahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo ziqinile kwaye zibuthathaka. Xa zisetyenziswa, amandla asetyenziswa ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni akufuneki abe ngaphezulu, ingakumbi angabi bukhali. Nika ingqalelo ukuze ungangqubani nezinto.

I-Taboo 20

Ukupakisha ivalvu entsha kuqinile kakhulu

Amanyathelo: Ukupakisha akufuneki kupakishwe ngokuqinileyo xa ivalvu entsha isebenza ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwisiqu sevalvu, ukuguguleka okukhawulezileyo, kunye nokuvulwa nokuvalwa okunzima. Iinkqubo zokwakha iivalvu, izixhobo zokukhusela iivalvu, ukudlula kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokutshintshwa kweevalvu zonke zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuba umgangatho wokufakwa kweevalvu uchaphazela ngqo ukusetyenziswa.