Taboo 11

Ivalve ifakwe ngokungalunganga. Umzekelo, ivalve yeglowubhu okanyekhangela ivalveamanzi (okanye umphunga) indlela yokuhamba kwamanzi ichasene nophawu, kwaye isiqu sevalve sinyuselwe ezantsi. Ivalve yokukhangela ifakwe ngokuthe nkqo kunokuba ithe tye. Kude nomnyango wokuhlola, nceda.

Iziphumo: Ivalve ayisebenzi kakuhle, iswitshi kunzima ukuyilungisa, kwaye nesiqu sevalve sihlala sikhomba ezantsi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvuzeni kwamanzi.
Imilinganiselo: Landela imiyalelo yofakelo lwevalvu kwileta. Shiya ubude obaneleyo bokuvula ukwenzela izandiso zesikhondo zeiivalve zesangoeneziqu ezinyukayo. Ithathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo indawo yokuguqula isiphatho ngelixa usebenzisa iivalve zebhabhathane. Izikhondo zeevalvu ezahlukeneyo akufuneki zibekwe ngaphantsi kunoxweso okanye naphantsi. Ukongeza ekubeni nocango lokuhlola olunokwamkela ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwevalvu, iivalvu ezifihliweyo kufuneka zibe nesiqu sevalvu ejonge kucango lokuhlola.

Taboo 12

Iivalvu ezifakelweyoIimodeli kunye neenkcukacha azihambelani nemigangatho yoyilo. Umzekelo, umbhobho wokufunxa wempompo yomlilo usebenzisa ivalve yebhabhathane xa idiameter yombhobho ingaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-50mm, kwaye owomileyo kunye nombhobho wokufudumeza wamanzi ashushu usebenzisa ivalve yokumisa xa uxinzelelo lwesiqhelo lwevalvu lungaphantsi kovavanyo lwenkqubo. uxinzelelo.

Iziphumo: tshintsha indlela ivalve eqhelekileyo evula ngayo kwaye ivale, kunye nendlela ukuchasana, uxinzelelo kunye neminye imisebenzi elungiswa ngayo. Okubi nakakhulu, kukhokelele ekubeni ivalve yophuke kwaye ifune ukulungiswa ngelixa inkqubo yayisetyenziswa.

Imilinganiselo: Yazi i-spectrum yokusetyenziswa kweevalvu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukhethe i-specs yevalve kunye nemodeli ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoyilo. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwevalve kufuneka lwanelise inkqubo yovavanyo loxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Ngokomgangatho wokwakha, i-valve yokumisa kufuneka isetyenziswe xa ububanzi bombhobho wesebe lonikezelo lwamanzi bungaphantsi okanye bulingana no-50mm; xa iphezulu kune-50mm, ivalve yesango kufuneka isetyenziswe. Iivalvu zebhabhathane akufunekanga zisetyenziswe kwimibhobho yokufunxa impompo yomlilo, kwaye iivalvu zesango kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukufudumeza amanzi ashushu ezomileyo nezithe nkqo zokulawula amanzi.

Taboo 13

Ngaphambi kokuba i-valve ifakwe, ukuhlolwa komgangatho ofunekayo akwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho.

Iziphumo: Ukuvuza kwamanzi (okanye umphunga) kwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo kuba iswitshi yevalvu iyaguquguquka kwaye ukuvalwa akungqongqo, kufuna ukuphinda kusebenze kunye nokulungiswa kwaye kuchaphazele nonikezelo lwamanzi rhoqo (okanye umphunga).

Amanyathelo: Amandla oxinzelelo kunye novavanyo lokuqina kufuneka lugqitywe ngaphambi kokufaka i-valve. I-10% yebhetshi nganye (i-brand efanayo, inkcazo efanayo, imodeli efanayo) kufuneka ikhethwe ngokungakhethiyo kuvavanyo, kodwa ingabi ngaphantsi kwesinye. Uvavanyo lwamandla kunye nokuqina kufuneka lwenziwe enye ngexesha kwivalve nganye evaliweyo efakwe kumbhobho oyintloko oza kunqunyulwa. "IKhowudi yoKwamkelwa koMgangatho woKwakha woNikezelo lwaManzi oKwakha, uMsele kunye nobuNjineli boKutshisa" (GB 50242-2002) kufuneka ilandelwe ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwamandla kunye nokuqina kovavanyo lwevalve.

Taboo 14

Uninzi lwezibonelelo, oomatshini, kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo azinazo izatifikethi zesiqinisekiso semveliso okanye amaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa afunwa ngurhulumente okanye ubulungiseleli ukuzalisekisa iinqobo zokugweba zangoku.

Iziphumo: Umgangatho ophantsi weprojekthi, iingozi ezifihlakeleyo zeengozi, ukungakwazi ukugqitywa ngexesha elibekiweyo, kunye nemfuneko yokuphinda kusetyenzwe kwakhona, konke oko kunegalelo kumaxesha awandisiweyo okwakha kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye negalelo lezinto eziphathekayo.

Amanyathelo: Iimveliso eziphambili, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kunikezelo lwamanzi, amanzi, ukufudumeza, kunye neeprojekthi zogutyulo lwelindle kufuneka zibe namaxwebhu ovavanyo lomgangatho wobugcisa okanye iziqinisekiso zesiqinisekiso semveliso ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente okanye uMphathiswa ohlangabezana nemigangatho yangoku; amagama emveliso yabo, iimodeli, iinkcukacha, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho wesizwe kufuneka imakishwe. Igama lekhowudi, umhla wokwenziwa kwemveliso, igama lomenzi kunye nendawo, isatifikethi sokuhlolwa, okanye igama lekhowudi yemveliso yangaphambili yomzi-mveliso.

Taboo 15

Ivalve Flip

Iziphumo: Ulwalathiso luphawu lweevalvu ezininzi, kubandakanywa iivalve zokujonga, iivalve ze-throttle, iivalve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye neevalve zokumisa. Impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi be-valve ye-throttle iya kuba nefuthe ukuba zibekwe phantsi; isenokude ibulale.

Imilinganiselo: Kukho uphawu lwesalathiso kumzimba wevalvu kwiivalvu ngokubanzi; ukuba akukho phawu lwesalathiso, isivalo kufuneka ichongwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwindlela esebenza ngayo. I-fluid kufuneka ihambe nge-valve port ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu ukwenzela ukuba ukuvula kugcinwe umsebenzi (kuba uxinzelelo oluphakathi luphezulu) kwaye i-medium ayicinezeli ukupakisha emva kokuvalwa, okukulungele ukugcinwa. Umngxuma wevalve wevalve yokumisa awulingani ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Ivalve yeglowubhu ayinakujikwa ngenxa yoku.

Ukufakela ivalve yesango ijongise ezantsi, ivili lesandla lisezantsi, kuya kubangela ukuba isiphakathi sihlale kwindawo yebhonethi ixesha elongeziweyo, nto leyo engalunganga kukonakala kwesikhondo sevalvu kunye ngokuchasene nemithetho yeenkqubo ezithile. Ukutshintsha indawo yokupakisha ngexesha elifanayo akunzima kakhulu. Isiqu sevalve esiveziweyo siyakonakala kukufuma ukuba ivalve yesango enyukayo ifakwe phantsi komhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuba i-disc ime nkqo xa ufaka ivalve yokukhangela yokuphakamisa ukuze iphakanyiswe lula. Qinisekisa ukuba i-pin shaft ithe tye xa ufaka ivalve yokujonga i-swing ukuze ivuleke ngokukhululekileyo. Kumbhobho othe tye, ivalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo kufuneka ixhonywe ngokuthe tye; akufunekanga ityekele nangayiphi na indlela.

Taboo 16

Ukuvula nokuvalwa kwevalve ngesandla, amandla agqithisileyo

Iziphumo: iyahluka ukusuka kumonakalo wevalvu ukuya kwiziganeko eziyingozi

Amanyathelo: Amandla omgangatho wokutywina kunye namandla okuvala afunekayo athathelwa ingqalelo ngelixa kuyilwa ivalve yesandla, kunye nesondo layo lesandla okanye isiphatho, somsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yoko, ayinakushukunyiswa kunye ne-wrench ende okanye i-lever. Abanye abantu bakuqhelile ukusebenzisa isikrufu, kwaye kufuneka balumke kakhulu bangasebenzisi amandla amaninzi kakhulu kuba ukwenza oko kusenokwenzakalisa ngokulula umphezulu wokutywina okanye kubangele ukuba isikrufu sophule ivili lesandla nesiphatho. Amandla asetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala i-valve kufuneka ihambelane kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ezinye iindawo zevalvu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezichaphazela ukuvula nokuvala zithathele ingqalelo into yokuba le mpembelelo yempembelelo ayinakufana naleyo yeevalvu eziqhelekileyo. Ngaphambi kokuvula, i-valve ye-steam kufuneka ifakwe ngaphambili, kwaye amanzi adibeneyo kufuneka ahlanjululwe. Ukuthintela isando samanzi, kufuneka sivulwe ngokuthe ngcembe. Ivili lesandla kufuneka lijikelezwe kancinci lijonge phantsi emva kokuba ivalve ivulwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisa imisonto kunye nokuthintela ukukhulula kunye nomonakalo.

Kwiivalvu zesikhondo ezinyukayo, kubalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba isiqu sindawoni xa sivuleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye sivalwe ngokupheleleyo ukunqanda ukubetha kumbindi ongaphezulu ofileyo. Ukongeza, kulula ukufumanisa ukuba iqhelekile xa ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo. Indawo yesikhondo sevalve iya kushukuma xa ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ukuba isikhondo sevalve siyaqhawuka okanye ukuba kukho imathiriyeli ebalulekileyo efakwe phakathi kwesitywina esingundoqo sevalve. Ivalve inokuvulwa kancinci ukuvumela ukuhamba kwesantya esiphezulu sesiphakathi ukuhlambela ubumdaka bombhobho onzima phambi kokuba uvalwe ngobunono (musa ukuvala ngesiquphe okanye ngobundlobongela ukunqanda ubumdaka obushiyekileyo obucudisa umphezulu wokutywina). Yiqalise kwakhona, yenza oku amaxesha amaninzi, uhlambe ukungcola, kwaye uyisebenzise njengesiqhelo.

Xa uvala iivalvu ezivulekileyo, nayiphi na inkunkuma kumphezulu wokutywina kufuneka isulwe kusetyenziswa obu bubuchule bukhankanywe ngasentla phambi kokuba ivalve ivalwe ngokusesikweni. Ukuze ugweme ukonakalisa isikwere sesiqu sevalve, ukuba ivelufa ingaphumeleli ukuvula nokuvala, kwaye ibangele iingozi ezinxulumene nemveliso, isondo lesandla kunye nesiphatho kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba zaphukile okanye zilahlekile. Isitshixo esiguquguqukayo asinakusetyenziswa ukuze sitshintshe. Emva kokuba i-valve ivaliwe, ezinye ii-mediums zipholile, ezibangela ukuba i-valve ivume. Ukuze kuthintelwe i-slit ukuba ibonakale kwindawo yokutywina, umqhubi kufuneka ayivale kwakhona ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba kuvela ngexesha lotyando ukuba irhafu egqithisileyo, isizathu kufuneka siphandwe.

Kunokwenzeka ukulungelelanisa ukupakisha ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuqiniswe ngokugqithiseleyo. Abasebenzi kufuneka baxelelwe ukulungisa isikhondo sevalvu ukuba sigoso. Ukuba ivalve kufuneka ivulwe ngeli xesha, umsonto wokugquma ivalve unokukhululeka ngesiqingatha sesangqa ukuya kwesinye isangqa ukukhulula uxinzelelo kwisiqu sevalve, emva koko ujike ivili lesandla. Kwezinye iivalve, xa i-valve ikwimeko evaliweyo, inxalenye yokuvala iya kwanda ngenxa yokushisa, okwenza kube nzima ukuyivula.

Taboo 17

Ukufakwa okungafanelekanga kweevalve zendawo yokushisa okuphezulu

Iziphumo: Ukubangela ukuchitheka

Imilinganiselo: Ekubeni iivalvu zobushushu obuphezulu obungaphezu kwama-200°C zifakwe kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kufuneka ziphinde ziqiniswe ukuze kugcinwe “ubushushu obuxineneyo” emva kokusebenza okuqhelekileyo xa ubushushu buphakama, iibholiti zanda ngenxa yobushushu, yaye umsantsa uyanda. AbaSebenzi kufuneka bagxile kulo msebenzi kuba ukuvuza kunokwenzeka ngokulula ngaphandle kwawo.

Taboo 18

Ukunqongophala kwamanzi kwimozulu ebandayo

Imilinganiselo: Amanzi aqokelelene emva kwesivalo samanzi kufuneka asuswe xa kubanda ngaphandle kwaye nesivalo samanzi sivalwe ixeshana. Amanzi ajikisiweyo kufuneka akhutshwe xa ivalve yomphunga iwucimile umphunga. Umzantsi wevalvu ufana neplagi enokuvulwa ukuze kuphume amanzi.

Taboo 19

Ivalve engeyiyo intsimbi, amandla okuvula kunye nokuvala mkhulu kakhulu

Amanyathelo: Iivalvu ezingezizo ezentsimbi ziza ngokwamandla ahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo zilukhuni kwaye zibhityile. Xa isetyenziswa, amandla asetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvalwa akufuneki abe ngaphezulu, ngakumbi angabi ndlongondlongo. Nika ingqalelo ukuphepha ukungqubana kwizinto ngokunjalo.

Taboo 20

Ivalve entsha ipakishwa iqine kakhulu

Imilinganiselo: Ukupakishwa akufuneki kupakishwe ngokuqinileyo xa isivalo esitsha sisebenza ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwisiqu sevalvu, ukuguga okukhawulezileyo, kunye nokuvula nokuvala. Iinkqubo zokwakha ivalve, izibonelelo zokukhusela ivalvu, i-bypass kunye ne-instrumentation, kunye nokutshintshwa kwevalve yokupakisha zonke ziingqwalasela ezibalulekileyo kuba umgangatho wofakelo lwevalvu luchaphazela ngqo ukusetyenziswa.